Table 3:
Phase contrast
| Lecompte (n = 9) | Spiral (n = 6) | Control (n = 5) | p1 | p2 | p3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vmax (m/s) | ||||||
| Aortic root | 1.34 ± 0.26 | 1.47 ± 0.12 | 1.27 ± 0.21 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| Ascending aorta | 1.12 ± 0.26 | 1.12 ± 0.28 | 1.26 ± 0.07 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| Aortic arch | 1.21 ± 0.13 | 1.49 ± 0.08 | 1.14 ± 0.23 | 0.019 | n.s. | n.s. |
| Aortic isthmus | 1.43 ± 0.14 | 1.49 ± 0.17 | 1.33 ± 0.14 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| Descending aorta | 1.70 ± 0.21 | 1.75 ± 0.30 | 1.60 ± 0.25 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| Main pulmonary artery | 1.64 ± 0.55 | 1.56 ± 0.23 | 1.13 ± 0,21 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| Right pulmonary artery | 1.73 ± 0.30 | 1.69 ± 0.30 | 1.18 ± 0.47 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| Left pulmonary artery | 1.66 ± 0.42 | 1.53 ± 0.15 | 1.30 ± 0.34 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| Presence of vortices (n) | ||||||
| Aorta | 4 (44.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | – | – | – | – |
| Pulmonary arteries | 2 (22.2%) | 2 (33.3%) | – | n.s. | – | – |
| Relative helicity | ||||||
| Ascending aorta | −0.056 | 0.021 | 0.051 | |||
| Aortic arch | 0.058 | 0.042 | 0.091 | |||
| Descending aorta | 0.026 | −0.017 | −0.010 | |||
| Relative helicity (mag.) | ||||||
| Aorta | 0.089 ± 0.072 | 0.036 ± 0.025 | 0.073 ± 0.049 | 0.009 | n.s. | n.s. |
| Pulmonary arteries | 0.129 ± 0.074 | 0.085 ± 0.081 | 0.048 ± 0.055 | n.s. | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Helix severity (visual grading) | ||||||
| Grading 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | |||
| Grading 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |||
| Grading 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |||
Phase contrast data are presented as mean ± SD. The maximum velocity Vmax was measured using 2D phase contrast, whereas the other quantities (vortex count, relative helicity, wall shear stress) were measured and determined using 4D phase contrast (4D-flow). P-values refer to a comparison of groups: Lecompte and spiral (p1), controls and TGA (p2) and all groups (p3).