Table 2:

Anatomical findings and operative data

Variables	Overall population, n = 204	Open distal, n = 109	Closed distal, n = 95	P-value
Anatomy
Type 2 DeBakey	24 (12%)	6 (6%)	18 (19%)	0.003
Coronary artery (ies) dissection	45 (23%)	28 (26%)	17 (18%)	0.18
Tear identifieda	175 (88%)	95 (89%)	80 (87%)	0.69
Tear root-ascending aorta	123 (70%)	45 (42%)	78 (85%)	<0.001
Tear arch	52 (30%)	50 (46%)	2 (2%)	<0.001
Tear not founda	24 (12%)	12 (11%)	12 (13%)	0.72
Arterial cannulationb
Common femoral artery	147 (74%)	69 (65%)	78 (84%)	0.003
Axillary artery	39 (20%)	26 (25%)	13 (14%)	0.06
Other sites	6 (2%)	4 (3%)	2 (2%)	0.82
Combined cannulation	7 (4%)	7 (7%)	0	0.03
Surgical strategies
Open/closed distal anastomosis	109/95	109	95
HCA time (min ± SD)		30 ± 14
HCA temperature (°C±SD)		19 ± 4
Antegrade cerebral perfusion		28 (26%)
Retrograde cerebral perfusion		24 (22%)
Aortic valve resuspension	70 (34%)	42 (39%)	28 (29%)	0.17
Aortic valve replacement	13 (6%)	4 (3%)	9 (10%)	0.16
Aortic root replacement	59 (29%)c	30 (28%)	29 (31%)	0.64
Mechanical prosthesis	45 (22%)	22 (20%)	23 (24%)	0.49
Biological prosthesis	25 (12%)	11 (10%)	14 (15%)	0.31
Hemiarch replacement	60 (29%)	60 (55%)
Total arch replacement	12 (6%)	12 (11%)
Coronary artery bypass grafting	19 (9%)	11 (10%)	8 (9%)	0.68
CPB time (min ± SD)	185 ± 85	224 ± 86	142 ± 58	<0.001
Cross-clamp time (min ± SD)	103 ± 39	109 ± 43	95 ± 34	0.015

HCA: hypothermic circulatory arrest; SD: standard deviation; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass.

^aData available in 199 patients (107 open distal; 92 closed distal).

^bData available in 199 patients (106 open distal; 93 closed distal).

^cTwo patients underwent David reimplantantion procedure (one open distal, one closed distal).