Table 1.
Participant information.
| Participant ID | Age | Sex | Time postonset | Single word intell. | Speech diagnosis | Harsh vocal rating | Hypernasal rating | Hearing screen level | TONI (%) | WAB-R Results |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AQ | Type | Fluency | Spont. speech | Aud. Comp. | Repetition | Naming | ||||||||||
| P1 | 66;6 | F | 2;3 | 21 | AOS | Mod. | Mild | 25 | 37 | 76 | Broca | 4 | 13 | 9.6 | 6.8 | 8.4 |
| P2 a | 30;3 | F | 0;3 | 87 | AOS | Equiv. | Equiv. | 25 | 32 | 96 | Anomic | 9 | 19 | 10 | 9.2 | 9.8 |
| P3 | 39;10 | M | 1;1 | 93 | MIN | Norm. | Norm. | 25 | 58 | 85 | Anomic | 9 | 18 | 8.4 | 7.5 | 8.8 |
| P4 | 52;6 | M | 0;6 | 44 | AOS b | Mild-Mod | Equiv. | 40 | 39 | 30 | Broca | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| P5 | 46;2 | F | 6;2 | 92 | BORD c | Norm. | Norm. | 40 | 21 | 94 | Anomic | 9 | 19 | 10 | 8.8 | 9 |
| P6 | 66;8 | F | 0;5 | 55 | AOS | Equiv. | Equiv. | 40 | 37 | 60 | Broca | 2 | 11 | 7.8 | 4.8 | 6.7 |
| P7 | 47;2 | M | 0;5 | 95 | APP | Equiv. | Equiv. | 25 | 19 | 93 | Anomic | 9 | 19 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 8.5 |
| P8 | 80;8 | M | 13;2 | 70 | AOS | Mild | Norm. | 40 | 17 | 69 | Cond. | 6 | 14 | 9.3 | 6 | 5.1 |
| P9 | 66;7 | M | 2;7 | 58 | DYS d | Mild-Mod | Mild | 25 | 24 | 76 | Anomic | 5 | 14 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.4 |
| P10 | 39;3 | F | 0;1 | 35 | BORD e | Mild | Equiv. | 25 | 17 | 70 | Transcortical Motor | 4 | 12 | 8.4 | 8 | 6.8 |
Note. TONI = Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (Brown et al., 2010); WAB-R = Western Aphasia Battery- Revised (Kertesz, 2006); AQ = aphasia quotient; AOS = apraxia of speech; MIN = minimal speech impairment; BORD = borderline AOS; APP = aphasia with phonemic paraphasia; DYS = dysarthria; Aud. Comp. = auditory comprehension. Age and Time post-onset are represented in years and months (YY;MM). Hearing screening was completed at 25 dB at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kHz or at 40 dB at 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Ratings for harsh vocal quality and hypernasality were completed on a rating scale with the following levels: Normal (Norm.); Mild, Equivocal (Equiv.); Mild, Mild-Moderate (Mild-Mod.), Moderate, Severe, and Profound.
P2 experienced a focal traumatic injury, whereas all others had survived stroke.
P4 had all signs of AOS in multisyllabic words (articulatory distortions, slow rate, and prolongations); however, in sentences slow rate and prolongations occurred rarely.
Borderline AOS classification was identified in P5 due to articulatory distortions in approximately half of multisyllabic words and less than half of sentences, and abnormal prosody at the sentence level only.
P9 was a nonnative speaker of English, with voice characteristics consistent with a unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria.
Borderline AOS classification was identified in P10 because of articulatory distortions, but she had no evidence of dysprosody.