Table 6.

Standardized path model estimates, Models 1 and 2.

Model	Estimate	SE	Est/SE	p
Model 1
T1 parent phrase omissions → T2 parent phrase omissions	0.14	0.13	1.09	.28
T1 child NDW → T2 child NDW	0.49	0.10	4.94	< .001**
T1 parent phrase omissions → T1 child NDW	−0.27	0.13	−2.19	.03*
T2 parent phrase omissions → T2 child NDW	−0.24	0.11	−2.31	.02*
T1 parent phrase omissions → T2 child NDW	−0.21	0.11	−2.03	.04*
Model 2
T1 parent phrase omissions → T2 parent phrase omissions	0.02	0.14	0.11	.91
T1 child NDW → T2 child NDW	0.58	0.09	6.46	< .001**
T1 child NDW → T1 parent phrase omissions	−0.27	0.13	−2.19	.03*
T2 child NDW → T2 parent phrase omissions	−0.37	0.15	−2.44	.02*
T1 child NDW → T2 parent phrase omissions	0.04	0.16	0.28	.78

Note. Parent determiner omissions were calculated by dividing the total number of noun phrases with an omitted obligatory determiner by the total number of utterances that parents produced. T1 = Time 1; T2 = Time 2; NDW = mean number of different word roots per minute. Results are presented for the group of n = 55 children.

^* p < .05.

^** p < .01.