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From an oblique paramedian view of lumbar spine, a spinal needle is inserted using an in-plane technique toward the lamina-ligamentum flavum junction. The transducer is oriented obliquely from the spinous process (SP) of the superior vertebra to the lamina (L) of the inferior vertebra. The needle is inserted underneath the transducer in a lateral to medial direction. ES = erector spinae muscles; PLL = posterior longitudinal ligament; S = skin.
