Table 1.
MEHP treatment significantly alters developmental progress in WEC. Though DEHP treatment produced little change in most measurable developmental parameters, the metabolite MEHP significantly altered many defect scores. Values presented are the means ± standard error of the mean. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, — indicates that the specimens were too necrotic to accurately assess this parameter.
| Control | MEHP (100 μg/ml) | MEHP (250 μg/ml) | MEHP (500 μg/ml) | MEHP (1 mg/ml) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 17 | 7 | 6 | 16 | 5 |
| Yolk Sac | 5.0 ± 0 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 5.0 ± 0 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.2 |
| Allantois | 3.0 ± 0 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 3.0 ± 0 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
| Flexion | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 0 |
| Heart | 3.8 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.2 |
| Caudal Neural Tube | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | – |
| Hindbrain | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0 |
| Midbrain | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0 |
| Forebrain | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 |
| Otic Vesicle | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.2 |
| Optic Cup | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0 |
| Branchial | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0 |
| Maxillary | 3.0 ± 0 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0 |
| Mandible | 2.0 ± 0 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0 |
| Forelimbs | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 |
| Somites (# pairs) | 24.6 ± 0.4 | 21.0 ± 0.8 | 23.7 ± 0.8 | 18.8 ± 1.5 | — |
| VYS volume (μl3) | 17.9 ± 1.4 | 13.8 ± 1.4 | 17.1 ± 0.8 | 13.8 ± 1.1 | 10.2 ± 0.9 |
| Crown-Rump Length (mm) | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.2 |
| Head Length (mm) | 1.5 ± 0 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0 | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
| TOTAL SCORE | 86.6 ± 1.5 | 73.8 ± 3.8 | 72.9 ± 2.9 | 56.6 ± 3.3 | 28.4 ± 0.8 |