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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2016 Feb 16;174(1):93–112. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32429

FIG. 3.

FIG. 3

Impaired neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegeneration negatively affects the adult neurogenesis process due to alteration of chemokines and cytokines, metabolic factors, and epigenetic regulation, as well as impairment of signaling transduction. Alteration of chemokines and cytokines impairs neuronal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Alteration of metabolic factors and epigenetic regulators, and defects in signaling transduction molecules, inhibits the proliferation of progenitor cells and their differentiation into neuroblasts. The inhibition of newborn neuron formation may contribute to cognitive decline. [Color figure can be seen in the online version of this article, available at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ajmgb].