Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients.
| LVFP elevated after exercise (n = 39) | LVFP normal (n = 106) | P | |
| Age, yrs | 67.4 ± 6.3 | 64.9 ± 8.4 | 0.088 |
| Male | 18 (46.2%) | 63 (59.4%) | 0.153 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.6 ± 3.2 | 25.6 ± 3.2 | 0.128 |
| Hypertension | 31 (79.5%) | 70 (66.0%) | 0.118 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (25.6%) | 25 (23.6%) | 0.798 |
| Current smokers | 16 (41.0%) | 32 (30.2%) | 0.219 |
| Medications | |||
| β-blockers | 25 (64.1%) | 65 (61.3%) | 0.760 |
| CCBs | 14 (35.9%) | 28 (26.4%) | 0.264 |
| digoxin | 4 (10.3%) | 7 (6.6%) | 0.461 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARB | 13 (33.3%) | 32 (30.2%) | 0.717 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 20 (51.3%) | 53 (50.0%) | 0.891 |
| Anticoagulants | 12 (30.8%) | 22 (20.8%) | 0.207 |
| Stress response | |||
| Heart rate rest, beats/min | 80.8 ± 9.6 | 77.7 ± 9.3 | 0.208 |
| Heart rate peak, beats/min | 154.0 ± 37.8 | 150.9 ± 24.7 | 0.571 |
| Systolic BP rest, mmHg | 127.4 ± 22.3 | 136.2 ± 23.5 | 0.317 |
| Systolic BP peak, mmHg | 171.5 ± 18.1 | 172.2 ± 22.6 | 0.869 |
| LnNT-proBNP | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 5.8 ± 1.1 | 0.111 |
Data are represented as mean ± SD or n (%). ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; CCB: calcium channel blocker; LVFP: left ventricular filling pressure; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.