Table 3. Clinical and echocardiographic variables as determinants of VO₂ peak.

	Univariate			Multivariate
	β	t	P	β	t	P
Age	−0.390	−5.062	< 0.001	−0.274	−3.559	0.001
Gender (female)	−0.351	−4.489	< 0.001	−0.239	−3.500	0.001
BMI	−0.017	−0.220	0.826
Hypertension	−0.063	−0.824	0.411
Diabetes mellitus	−0.049	−0.634	0.527
Current smokers	−0.036	−0.470	0.639
β-blockers	−0.109	−1.434	0.153
Heart rate rest	−0.019	−0.226	0.822
Heart rate peak	−0.046	−0.537	0.592
LVMI	−0.048	−0.504	0.615
LVEF	−0.099	−1.147	0.253
LAA	−0.013	−0.148	0.883
E velocity rest	0.071	0.928	0.355
e' rest	0.360	5.038	< 0.001
E/e' rest	−0.402	−5.725	< 0.001
E velocity stress	0.025	0.321	0.748
e' stress	0.467	6.877	< 0.001
E/e' stress	−0.632	−9.746	< 0.001	−0.530	−7.614	< 0.001
LnNT-proBNP	−0.165	−1.999	0.048

BMI: body mass index; E: early diastolic mitral inflow velocity; e': early diastolic mitral annular velocity; LAA: left atrial area; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; VO₂ peak: peak oxygen uptake.