Skip to main content
. 2016 May 11;56(8):476–484. doi: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2015-0350

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Access routes and implantation of interbody spacers through posterior approach. A: Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with double box-shaped spacers (arrows). B: Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with a single box-shaped spacer (arrow). C: TLIF with a single sickle-shaped spacer (arrow). Approach and implantation of interbody spacers (arrows) for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF). D: Ordinarily, the retroperitoneal anterolateral approach is done at a lumbar level above L4–L5. E: At the L5–S1 level, the transperitoneal anterior approach is selected. Access route and implantation of interbody spacers through the lateral approach for lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF). LLIF is performed via a retroperitoneal approach using a less-invasive original retractor. F: Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) is a lateral transpsoas approach. G: Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) accesses the disc between the aorta and the psoas muscle.