Table 2.
Hazard Ratios for incident heart failure outcome in 20,922 men and women of the EPIC-Norfolk cohort by chocolate consumption.
| Quintiles of daily chocolate intake | Quintile 1 0 g/day (n = 4236) |
Quintile 2 0.6–3.4 g/day (n = 3521) |
Quintile 3 3.5–6.9 g/day (n = 4386) |
Quintile 4 7.0–15.5 g/day (n = 4582) |
Quintile 5 15.6–98.8 g/day (n = 4198) |
p-value for trend across median chocolate intake in each group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.83 (0.69–0.99) | 0.87 (0.73–1.03) | 0.78 (0.66–0.93) | 0.75 (0.62–0.91) | 0.013 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) | 0.97 (0.81–1.16) | 0.89 (0.74–1.06) | 0.87 (0.71–1.06) | 0.193 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.92 (0.77–1.11) | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) | 0.89 (0.74–1.06) | 0.87 (0.71–1.06) | 0.194 |
Model 1: Age, sex adjusted.
Model 2: Age, sex, education, body mass index (per unit), social class, physical activity, smoking status, dietary energy (per kJ/day), alcohol consumption (per g/day), myocardial infarction, diabetes, arrhythmia adjusted.
Model 3: Age, sex, education, body mass index (per unit), social class, physical activity, smoking status, dietary energy (per kJ/day), alcohol consumption (per g/day), myocardial infarction, diabetes, arrhythmia, systolic blood pressure (per mmHg), cholesterol level (per mmol/L), heart rate (per beat) adjusted.