Table 1.
The natural compounds biologically targeting different cell lines in ER stress.
| Natural products | Cell types [Ref] | Biological functions |
|---|---|---|
| Anacardic acid | U266, HepG2 [15] | GRP78↑, eIF2α ↑, CHOP↑ |
|
| ||
| Astragaloside IV | Podocyte [14] | PERK-ATF4-CHOP↓ |
|
| ||
| Baicalein | HCC [7] | JNK↑, CHOP↑, Bcl-2 family↓ |
| Ca Ski [58], N18 [81], MDA-MB-231 [82] | ROS↑, CHOP↑, Ca2+↑, caspase-3↑, Bax↑ | |
| HT22 [57] | JNK↓, CHOP↓, GRP78↓, XBP1↓, ATF6α ↓, ROS↓, MMPs↓ | |
|
| ||
| Berberine | Hep G2 [8] | p-PERK↓, p-eIF2α ↓ |
| Carotid arteries [26], T98G [85] | eIF2α ↑, ATF6↑, ROS↑, XBP1↑, COX-2↑, AMPK↓, Ca2+↑ | |
| C6 rat glioma cells [114] | ROS↑, Ca2+↑, Bax/Bcl-2↑ | |
|
| ||
| BDMC | NCI H460 [80] | Ca2+↑, ROS↑, ER stress↑ |
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| ||
| Celastrol | HCC [9] | eIF2α-ATF4↑ |
| MDA-MB 435S, MCF-7, DLD-1, and RKO [87], OSCC [115] | Ca2+↑, ER stress↑ | |
|
| ||
| Crocin | PC12 [12] | CHOP-Wnt↓ |
|
| ||
| Curcumin | APL [10], HT-29 [31], AGS [31], WEHI-3 [32], SCC-4 [33] | PERK-eIF2α ↑, CHOP↑, ER stress↑ |
|
| ||
| EGCG | Glioblastoma [19] | GRP78↓ |
| T98G [61], U87MG [61] | ROS↑, ER stress↑ | |
| PC3 [106] | Autophagy↑, ER stress↑ | |
|
| ||
| Elatoside C | H9c2 cardiomyocytes [55] | ER stress↓, p-STAT3↑ |
|
| ||
| Ginsenoside Rb1 | Neurons [18] | CHOP↓ |
|
| ||
| Glycyrrhetinic acid | Non-small lung cancer cells [111] | IRE1α ↑, JNK/c-jun↑ |
| NSCLC cells [116] | GRP78↑, PERK↑, ERP72↑ | |
|
| ||
| Honokiol | In vivo [11] | p-eIF2α ↓, CHOP↓ |
| HN22 [79], HSC4 [79], JJ012 [84], SW1353 [84] | ER stress↑, Ca2+↑, GRP78↑ | |
|
| ||
| Icariin | EC109 [28], TE1 [28], A549 [29] | GRP78↑, p-PERK↑, p-eIF2α ↑, CHOP↑, ATF4↑ |
| PC12 [117] | ER stress↓ | |
|
| ||
| Mangiferin | Endothelial cells [98] | TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome↓, ER stress↓ |
|
| ||
| Nicotine | PC12 [22] | GRP78↓, ATF6↓, IRE1-XBP1↓ |
| Colon cancer cells [104] | ROS↑, COX-2↑, PGE2↑ | |
| Human periodontal ligament cells [47] | p-PERK↑, p-eIF2α ↑, CHOP↑, GRP78↑ | |
|
| ||
| Notoginsenoside R1 | H9c2 cardiomyocytes [56] | GRP78↓, p-PERK↓, ATF6↓, IRE1↓, CHOP↓, p-JNK↓ |
|
| ||
| Piperine | HT-29 [117] | CHOP↑, GRP78↑, JNK↑, IRE1α ↑ |
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| ||
| Piperlongumine | HCC [77] | MAPK↑, CHOP↑, ROS↑ |
|
| ||
| Platycodin D | MCF-7 [70] | ROS↑, ASK1↑, ER stress↑ |
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| ||
| Polyphyllin D | NSCLC [71] | CHOP↑, GRP78↑, caspase-4↑ |
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| ||
| Pterostilbene | HUVECs [41] | GRP78↓, p-eIF2α ↓ |
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| ||
| Quercetin | RAW264.7 [62], GEnCs [36] | IRE1-XBP1↓, ATF6↓, PERK-CHOP↓, IRE1-JNK↓ |
| PC-3 [38], ovarian cancer cells [39] | ER stress↑, STAT3↓, JNK↑, CHOP↑, DR5↑, ROS↑ | |
| Pancreatic β-cells [118] | AMPK↑, IRE1 RNase↑ | |
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| ||
| Resveratrol | Human skeletal muscle cells [16], human macrophages [23] | eIF2α ↑, CHOP↑, AMPK↓, caspase-12↑, GRP78↓, IRE1-XBP1↓ |
| Cardiomyocyte [44] | IRE1α/JNK↑, PERK/eIF2α ↑, ATF6/CHOP↑ | |
| A549 [72] | GRP78↑, CHOP↑, caspase-12↑ | |
| DU145 and PC3 [103] | Autophagy↑ | |
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| ||
| Rg3 | HCC [51], human gallbladder cancer cells [52] | CHOP↑, DR5↑, CHOP↑, p-IRE1↑, p-PERK↑, caspase-12↑ |
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| Trichodermin | Chondrosarcoma cells [50] | IRE1↑, GRP78↑, GRP94↑, p-PERK↑ |
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| ||
| Vitexin | A549 [112] | MAPKs↑, Hsp90↑, antioxidant enzyme↑ |
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| ||
| Withaferin A | Caki [76] | GRP78↑, eIF2α ↑, CHOP↑, XBP1↑ |
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| ||
| Zerumbone | PC-3 and DU-145 [108] | Apoptosis↑, autophagy↑ |