Table 1.
Cardiovascular risk factor values, pre-treatment and post-treatment
| Variables | N | Pre-treatment (M ± SD) | Post-treatment (M ± SD) | p a | η p 2 | Correlation of Δ with percent weight loss | P b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 401 | 97.67 ± 21.30 | 88.40 ± 19.41 | <.001 | .788 | – | – |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 377 | 35.10 ± 7.39 | 31.77 ± 6.86 | <.001 | .771 | – | – |
| Glucose | 359 | 99.28 ± 23.75 | 96.21 ± 18.17 | .001 | .032 | – | – |
| Women | 287 | 97.76 ± 22.65 | 95.46 ± 18.07 | – | – | −.037 | .269 |
| Men | 72 | 105.20 ± 26.97 | 99.18 ± 18.38 | – | – | .233 | .025 |
| Triglyceridesc | 358 | 120.37 ± 76.67 | 91.12 ± 52.84 | <.001 | .276 | – | – |
| Women | 286 | 109.69 ± 58.28 | 90.85 ± 53.80 | – | – | .262 | <.001 |
| Men | 72 | 162.40 ± 116.52 | 92.18 ± 49.21 | – | – | .213 | .037 |
| Total cholesterolc | 357 | 192.40 ± 36.12 | 171.75 ± 32.10 | <.001 | .323 | – | – |
| Women | 286 | 194.64 ± 33.65 | 176.37 ± 29.92 | – | – | .330 | <.001 |
| Men | 71 | 183.55 ± 43.69 | 153.15 ± 34.03 | – | – | .279 | .010 |
| LDL cholesterol | 358 | 118.21 ± 31.53 | 105.75 ± 28.06 | <.001 | .175 | – | – |
| Women | 286 | 120.01 ± 29.70 | 108.35 ± 26.57 | – | – | .217 | <.001 |
| Men | 72 | 110.78 ± 37.48 | 95.44 ± 31.47 | – | – | .414 | <.001 |
| HDL cholesterol | 358 | 50.21 ± 14.62 | 47.60 ± 13.75 | .001 | .033 | – | – |
| Women | 286 | 52.79 ± 14.36 | 49.81 ± 13.60 | – | – | .123 | .019 |
| Men | 72 | 40.04 ± 10.77 | 38.81 ± 10.49 | – | – | −.055 | .325 |
Note that significant changes and correlations are indicated by italicized p values. Percent weight loss was coded as a positive value, and risk factors were coded as negative values. Effect sizes indicated by partial eta-squared (η p 2); .04, .25, and .64 indicate weak, moderate, and strong effects, respectively [20]
aPre-treatment versus post-treatment, two-way repeated measure ANOVA
bPearson’s bivariate correlations, percent weight change with change in each cardiovascular risk factor, gender-specific
cRisk factors for which there were significant time by gender interactions