Table 1.

Description of behavior change strategies in the sleep, sedentary, and exercise components of BeWell24

App component	Theoretical underpinning	BCT grouping	Strategy to implement BCT in BeWell24
Sleep	Sleep education; sleep hygiene; stimulus control therapy	Goals and planning	• “Wake time calculator” to identify selectable goal for regular wake time
			• Problem-solving strategies through “show me tips” interactive tool for common sleep-related beliefs and behaviors
		Feedback and monitoring	• Graphical daily/weekly feedback on sleep duration, sleep onset latency, wakefulness after sleep onset, and sleep quality rating
		Shaping knowledge	• Information on behavioral (e.g., alcohol, tobacco) and emotional (e.g., arousal) antecedents to sleep
		Associations	• Reducing prompts/cues associating bed with “trying” to fall asleep with user-generated “my sleepy list” activities when having trouble falling asleep
Sedentary	Self-regulation	Feedback and monitoring	• Graphical daily/weekly feedback on context-specific sitting behaviors
		Natural consequences	• Education on link between excessive sitting and chronic disease
		Associations	• “My routines” tool to identify prompts/cues to reduce sitting (e.g., stand time a commercial appears on TV)
		Repetition and substitution	• “Where do I sit?” tool to suggest context-specific replacements of sitting additional sleep or lifestyle behaviors
Exercise	Social cognitive theory	Goals and planning	• Selectable goal for weekly physical activity
			• Problem-solving strategies through “give me tips” interactive tool for common barriers to exercise
		Feedback and monitoring	• Graphical daily/weekly feedback on exercise behaviors
		Shaping knowledge	• Advice and instruction on type and duration of exercise
		Natural consequences	• Education on link between exercise and chronic disease
		Associations	• “Motivate me” tool to identify prompts/cues to increase exercise motivation

BCT behavior change technique, derived from Michie et al. [27]