Table 2.
Participant characteristics by randomization group
| Combined | Congestive heart failure | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable, mean (standard deviation) or number (percent) | E-Coach (n = 233) | Usual care group (n = 245) | E-Coach (n = 168) | Usual care group (n = 178) | E-Coach (n = 65) | Usual care group (n = 67) |
| Age, year | 63.0 (12.1) | 63.8 (12.8) | 62.7 (12.5) | 63.8 (13.5) | 63.8 (10.9) | 63.4 (11.0) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 109 (46.8) | 142 (58.0)a | 82 (48.8) | 96 (53.9) | 27 (41.5) | 46 (68.7)b |
| Female | 124 (53.2) | 103 (42.0) | 86 (51.2) | 82 (46.1) | 38 (58.5) | 21 (31.3) |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 123 (52.8) | 131 (53.5) | 79 (47.0) | 86 (48.3) | 44 (67.7) | 45 (67.2) |
| Black/other | 110 (47.2) | 114 (46.5) | 89 (53.0) | 92 (51.7) | 21 (32.3) | 22 (32.8) |
| Education | ||||||
| <High school | 48 (20.6) | 47 (19.2) | 30 (17.9) | 29 (16.3) | 18 (27.7) | 18 (26.9) |
| High school/GED | 87 (37.3) | 96 (39.2) | 60 (35.7) | 67 (37.6) | 27 (41.5) | 29 (43.3) |
| Some college | 59 (25.3) | 58 (23.7) | 46 (27.4) | 46 (25.8) | 13 (20.0) | 12 (17.9) |
| ≥College graduate | 38 (16.3) | 44 (18.0) | 31 (18.5) | 36 (20.2) | 7 (10.8) | 8 (11.9) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 111 (47.6) | 113 (46.1) | 80 (47.6) | 86 (48.3) | 31 (47.7) | 27 (40.3) |
| Not married | 121 (51.9) | 131 (53.5) | 87 (51.8) | 91 (51.1) | 34 (52.3) | 40 (59.7) |
| Respondent | ||||||
| Patient | 201 (86.3) | 209 (85.3) | 152 (85.4) | 148 (88.1) | 53 (81.5) | 57 (85.1) |
| Proxy | 32 (13.7) | 36 (14.7) | 26 (14.6) | 20 (11.9) | 12 (18.5) | 10 (14.9) |
| Financial security | ||||||
| No | 78 (33.5) | 77 (31.4) | 54 (32.1) | 56 (31.5) | 24 (36.9) | 21 (31.3) |
| Yes | 154 (66.1) | 167 (68.2) | 122 (68.5) | 113 (67.3) | 41 (63.1) | 45 (67.2) |
| Health literacy [29] | ||||||
| Extremely | 137 (58.8) | 148 (60.4) | 102 (60.7) | 109 (61.2) | 35 (53.8) | 39 (58.2) |
| Quite a bit | 38 (16.3) | 36 (14.7) | 28 (16.7) | 23 (12.9) | 10 (15.4) | 13 (19.4) |
| Somewhat | 27 (11.6) | 34 (13.9) | 19 (11.3) | 26 (14.6) | 8 (12.3) | 8 (11.9) |
| A little bit | 16 (6.9) | 10 (4.1) | 10 (6.0) | 8 (4.5) | 6 (9.2) | 2 (3.0) |
| Not at all | 15 (6.4) | 17 (6.9) | 9 (5.4) | 12 (6.7) | 6 (9.2) | 5 (7.5) |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 80 (34.3) | 81 (33.1) | 73 (43.5) | 76 (42.7) | 7 (10.8) | 5 (7.5) |
| Current | 34 (14.6) | 41 (16.7) | 16 (9.5) | 20 (11.2) | 18 (27.7) | 21 (31.3) |
| Former | 119 (51.1) | 123 (50.2) | 79 (47.0) | 82 (46.1) | 40 (61.5) | 41 (61.2) |
| Cumulative illness rating scale for geriatrics [30] | ||||||
| Total score | 15 (4.8) | 15 (4.8) | 15 (4.8) | 15 (4.9) | 14 (4.7) | 14 (4.4) |
| Severity index | 2.23 (0.3) | 2.27 (0.4) | 2.27 (0.3) | 2.30 (0.3) | 2.13 (0.3) | 2.20 (0.4) |
Data missing as follows: education (n = 1), marital status (n = 2), financial insecurity (n = 2), and cumulative illness rating scale for geriatrics (n = 1). No significant differences between randomization groups overall or by condition except for gender in combined and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease group
aOdds ratio (95 % confidence interval): 1.57 (1.09–2.25)
bOdds ratio (95 % confidence interval): 3.08 (1.51–6.30)