Table 3. Amino acid (10^th position, bold) for C₄ specificity across species with different diversification point in evolutionary scale (in Mya).

Speciesa	Amino acid with flanking region	Type	Taxonomy	Mya	Reference
Physcomitrella patens	LQGNPTLKQRLRLREPY	C3	Bryophytes	450	Rensing, et al.66
	LQGNPSLKQRLRLREPY	C3
	LQGNPTLKQRLRLREPV	C3
	LEGNPTLKQRLRLREQY	C3
Selaginella moellendorffii	LAGNPILKQRLSLREPF	C3	Lycophytes	410	Banks, et al.67
	LEENPTLKQRLRLREPF	C3
PA, AS, GG, JC, PS, TB	LEGDPYLKQRLRLRDSY	C3	Gymnosperm	300	Nystedt, et al.64
Amborella trichopoda	LEGDPYLKQRLRLRDSY	C3	Basal Angiosperm	130	Soltis, et al.68
Oryza sativa	LEGDLYLKQRLRLRNAY	C3	Oryzoideae (BOP clade)p	60q	Kersey, et al.31
	LEGDPYLRQRLRIRDSY	C3
	LEGDPYLKQRLRLRDAY	C3
	LEGDPYLKQRLRLRESY	C3
Guadua sp.	LEGDPYLKQRLRLRESY	C3	Bambusoideae (BOP clade)p		Christin, et al.69
	LESDPYLRQRLMLRDSY	C3
Brachypodium	Refer Table 2	C3	Pooideae (BOP clade)p	35q
Triticeae	Refer Table 2	?		11.6q
Alloteropsis spp.	LEGDPYLKEGLRLRNPY	C4b	Panicoideae (PACMAD clade)p	20-27q	Christin, et al.69
	LEGDPYLKQQLRLRDPY	C4c
	LEGSPGLKQRLRLRDPY	C3d
	LEGDPYLKQRLRLRESY	C3e
	LEGDPYLKQRLRIRDSY	C3f
	LEGDPYLKQRLRLRDAY	C3g
	LEGGPYLKQRLRLRDPY	C3h
	LEGDLYLKQRLRLRDAY	C3i
	LEGDPYLKQRLRLRDPY	C3j
Panicum spp.	LEGDPFLKQSLRLRNPY	C4k	Panicoideae (PACMAD clade)p	18-27q	Christin, et al.70 Christin, et al.69
	LEGDPYLKQGLRLRNPY	C4l
	LEADPFLKQSLRLRNPY	C4m
	LEGDLYLKQRLRLRDAY	C3n
	LEGDPYLKQRLRLRDPY	C3o
Setaria italica	LESDPGLKQQLRLRDPY	C4	Panicoideae (PACMAD)p	16-27q	Bennetzen, et al.71 Christin, et al.69
	LEGDPYLKQRLRLRESY	C3
	LESDPGLQQQLMLRDSY	C3
	LEGDLYLKQRLRLRDAY	C3
	LEGDPYLKQRLRIRDSY	C3
Zea mays	LEGDPFLKQGLVLRNPY	C4	Panicoideae (PACMAD)p	16q	Schnable, et al.72
	LEGDLYLKQRLRLRDAY	C3
	LEGDPYLKQRLRIRDSY	C3
	LEGDPYLKQRLRLRESY	C3
Sorghum bicolor	LEGDPYLKQGLRLRNPY	C4	Panicoideae (PACMAD)p	13q	Paterson, et al.73
	LEGDLYLKQRLRLRDAY	C3
	LEGDPYLKQRLRIRDSY	C3
	LEGDPYLKQRLRLRESY	C3
	LEGDPYLKQRLRLRDAY	C3
Amaranthus hypochondriacus	LDADPYLKQILRLRDPY	C4	Dicot	-	ADO15315 (Accession number)

^aSpecies arranged in the order of evolution except Amaranthus; PA: Picea abies; AS: Abies sibiria; GG: Gnetum gnemon; JC: Juniperus communis; PS: Pinus sylvestris; TB: Taxus baccata; Oryza sativa: includes indica and japonica; Alloteropsis spp.: A. cimicina^d-g, A. angusta^c,f,g,i, A. semialata subsp semialata^b,f-i, A. s. subsp eckloniana^g,i,j; Panicum spp.: P. bisulcatumⁿ, P. capillare^l, P. coloratum^l, P. fluviicola^l, P. laetum^k,m, P. miliaceum^k,l, P. millegrana^o, P. phragmitoides^l, P. turgidum^l.

^pSoreng, et al.⁵⁶.

^qChalupska, et al.⁵⁷.