Table 1. The results of the GLMM for factors (chlorpyrifos doses) affecting survival probability of bees and its skewing in caste differentiation.
| Treament (μg a.i./bee) | Survival probability plus 95% CI | Dead | Live |
Total | GLMM parameters |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Workers | Intercastes | Queens | Estimate | Std. Error | z value | Pr(>|z|) | ||||
| control | 0.76 [0.664–0.875] | 15 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 63 | −0.3125 | 2.1684 | −0.144 | 0.885414 |
| 0.0088 | 0.62 [0.510–0.751] | 24 | 13 | 0 | 26 | 63 | 13.2258 | 3.4019 | 3.888 | 0.000101 |
| 0.0176 | 0.32 [0.201–0.532] | 36 | 8 | 0 | 19 | 63 | 11.7151 | 4.1211 | 2.843 | 0.004473 |
| 0.0264 | 0.20 [0.123–0.332] | 50 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 63 | 10.6836 | 3.1231 | 3.421 | 0.000624 |
| 0.0352 | 0.13 [0.064–0.281] | 51 | 8 | 0 | 4 | 63 | 5.6065 | 2.8915 | 1.939 | 0.048510 |
| 0.044 | 0.09 [0.031–0.262] | 54 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 63 | 10.5075 | 3.0898 | 3.401 | 0.000672 |
| 0.088 | 0.00 [0.008–0.012] | 62 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 8.2827 | 2.4862 | 3.331 | 0.000864 |
| Total | 292 | 40 | 2 | 107 | 441 | |||||
a.i./bee: active ingredient per bee; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; Dead: amount of immature bees (mostly larvae) that did die (i.e. not emerged) per treatment; Live: amount of bees that did emerge per treatment and its respective caste after we did perform a morphological analysis for presence/absence of spermatheca and corbiculae; Total: total number of larvae transferred for rearing plates per treatment; Std. Error: Standard Error; z-value: Standard score, i.e. standard deviations from their means. Negative values when raw score is below the mean, positive when above; Pr(>|z|): probability to find z-scores by chance.