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. 2016 Aug 17;6:31604. doi: 10.1038/srep31604

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Clinical findings in patients suffering from MRONJ showing necrotic alveolar bone (Stage 1) distal to a premolar tooth (a) or large areas of exposed bone with sings of infection (Stage 2) caused by tooth extractions under bisphosphonate therapy (b). Despite no large portion of necrotic bone in the maxilla (c), Stage 3 is characterized by severe infection leading to maxillary sinusitis in the presented case (d).