Figure 6. Single real-time interval scores (scores 1–5) approximates the expected time course associated with each treatment, but visual inspection of the data reveals substantial variability between scores.

(A) Saline treatment group. There was no main effect of treatment (p = 0.11). (B) Buprenorphine treatment group. A significant difference between scores was observed at 24 hours (p = 0.003). (C) Multimodal treatment group. A significant difference was observed at 24 hours (p = 0.03). Data are mean ± SEM. Broken horizontal line represents a previously derived analgesic intervention threshold¹⁶.