Table 3.
Characteristics of subjects in test and validation samples by assigned class
| Test sample | Recovery (n=21,145) |
Recurrent-therapeutic services (n=3,207) |
Recurrent-pain medication (n=2,930) |
Recurrent-apparent recoverers (n=12,315) |
Total (n=39,397) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (% Female) | 53.9% | 53.1% | 54.3% | 53.8% | 54.0% | .53 |
| Age mean (SD) | 44.7 (11.0) | 45.7 (10.8) | 45.3 (11.0) | 45.2 (10.8) | 45.0 (11.0) | <.0001 |
| Comorbiditiesa | ||||||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 3.8% | 4.3% | 4.1% | 3.9% | 3.9% | .27 |
| Diabetes | 3.8% | 4.4% | 3.6% | 3.4% | 3.8% | .15 |
| Alcohol/drug dependency | 2.7% | 3.2% | 2.6% | 2.4% | 2.7% | .21 |
| Rheumatologic disease | 2.5% | 2.2% | 2.2% | 2.2% | 2.4% | .29 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1.8% | 2.2% | 1.8% | 1.7% | 1.9% | .43 |
| Migraines | 1.9% | 1.3% | 1.8% | 1.7% | 1.8% | .14 |
| Validation sample | Recoverers (n=13,969) |
Therapeutic services (n=1,974) |
Painkillers (n=1,973) |
Apparent recoverers (n=8,277) |
Total (n=26,193) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (% Female) | 53.5% | 53.5% | 53.6% | 52.9% | 53.5% | .97 |
| Age mean (SD) | 44.7 (10.9) | 45.2 (11.0) | 45.4 (10.9) | 45.6 (11.0) | 45.0 (10.9) | <.0001 |
| Comorbiditiesa | ||||||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 3.9% | 4.6% | 4.0% | 3.9% | 3.9% | .66 |
| Diabetes | 3.9% | 3.5% | 3.9% | 4.2% | 3.9% | .70 |
| Alcohol/drug dependency | 2.6% | 2.3% | 2.6% | 3.1% | 2.6% | .42 |
| Rheumatologic disease | 2.3% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 1.9% | 2.3% | .63 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1.7% | 2.1% | 1.9% | 2.6% | 1.9% | .08 |
| Migraine | 1.8% | 2.3% | 1.7% | 1.4% | 1.8% | .24 |
a
Comorbidities present in at least 1% of the test sample are listed. Other comorbidities assessed include osteoporosis (0.9%), cerebrovascular disease (0.5%), liver disease (0.5%), renal disease (0.4%), depression (0.4%), peripheral vascular disease (0.3%), anxiety (0.3%), congestive heart failure (0.2%), ulcer (0.2%), and AIDS (0.1%).