Table 1a. List of viruses that employ apoptotic mimicry.
| Virus family | Role of apoptotic mimicry | Phosphatidylserine receptors |
|---|---|---|
| Enveloped viruses | ||
| Alphavirus (CHIKV, RRV, SINV, EEEV) | Binding, endocytosis, and infection | TIM-1, TIM-4, AXL, Integrins (MFG-E8 binding), CD300A |
| Arenavirus (LASV, AMAV, TCRV, LCMV, Pichinde) | Binding, endocytosis and infection | AXL, Tyro3, TIM-1 |
| Baculovirus | Binding, endocytosis and infection | AXL, TIM-1 |
| Filoviriruses (EBOV, MARV) | Binding, endocytosis, infection and Immune evasion | AXL, Tyro3, TIM-1 TIM-4 |
| Flavivirus (DENV, WNV, YFV) | Binding, endocytosis, infection and Immune evasion | TIM-1, TIM-3, TIM-4, AXL, Tyro3 |
| Poxvirus (VACV MV and EV) | Signaling, endocytosis and infection | AXL |
| Rhabdovirus (VSV) | Binding, endocytosis and infection | AXL, TIM-1 |
| Non-enveloped viruses | ||
| Enterovirus (PV) | Infection | Unknown |
| Hepatovirus (HAV) | Unknown | TIM-1 |
| Polyomavirus (SV40) | Binding, endocytosis and infection | AXL |
Abbreviations: AMAV, amapari virus; CHIKV, chikungunya virus; DENV, dengue virus; EBOV, ebola virus; EEEV, eastern encephalitis equine virus; HAV, hepatitis A virus; LASV, lassa virus; LCMV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; MARV, marburg virus; PV, poliovirus; RRV, Ross river virus; SINV, sindbis virus; SV40, simian virus 40; TCRV, tacaribe virus; VACV MV and EV, vaccinia mature virion and extracellular virion; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus; WNV, West Nile virus; YFV, yellow fever virus
Listed are the virus families (viruses in parenthesis) experimentally demonstrated to use apoptotic mimicry. The stage of the virus lifecycle facilitated by apoptotic mimicry is listed along with any PS receptors known to be engaged by the various viruses. Refer to text for details and associated references