Table 1.
Avian influenza virus isolation from active surveillance in migratory aquatic birds in North America, 2014–2015
| Preoutbreak, January 1, 2014–November 30, 2014 | Outbreak, December 1, 2014–June 30, 2015 | Postoutbreak, July 1, 2015–December 31, 2015 | |||||
| Flyway | Species | Samples collected | IAV isolates | Samples collected | IAV isolates | Samples collected | IAV isolates |
| Atlantic | Aix sponsa (Wood duck) | 22 | 48 | 1 | 28 | 1 | |
| Anas acuta (Northern pintail) | 6 | ||||||
| Anas americana (American wigeon) | 38 | ||||||
| Anas clypeata (Northern shoveler) | 3 | 1 | 4 | ||||
| Anas discors (Blue-winged teal) | 1 | 4 | |||||
| Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) | 666 | 41 | 246 | 2 | 358 | 21 | |
| Anas platyrhynchos × Anas rubripes | 5 | 1 | |||||
| Anas rubripes (American black duck) | 10 | 35 | 2 | ||||
| Anas strepera (Gadwall) | 1 | ||||||
| Arenaria interpres (Ruddy turnstone) | 325 | 13 | 681 | 107 | |||
| Aythya americana (Redhead) | 130 | 1 | |||||
| Aythya collaris (Ring-necked duck) | 2 | 18 | |||||
| Aythya marila (Greater scaup) | 3 | ||||||
| Aythya valisineria (Canvasback) | 1 | ||||||
| Chen caerulescens (Snow goose) | 65 | 55 | |||||
| Clangula hyemalis (Long-tailed duck) | 1 | 2 | |||||
| Environmental | 89 | 11 | 264 | ||||
| Gull feces | 162 | 23 | 318 | 8 | |||
| Larus argentatus (Herring gull) | 3 | ||||||
| Larus atricilla (Laughing gull) | 45 | 35 | |||||
| Melanitta deglandi (White-winged scoter) | 2 | ||||||
| Melanitta nigra (Common scoter) | 13 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Melanitta perspicillata (Surf scoter) | 16 | 2 | 16 | ||||
| Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorant) | 30 | ||||||
| Shorebird feces | 949 | 95 | 1,599 | 120 | |||
| Mississippi | A. sponsa (Wood duck) | 234 | 36 | 116 | |||
| A. acuta (Northern pintail) | 54 | 4 | 9 | 78 | 4 | ||
| A. americana (American wigeon) | 35 | 4 | 54 | ||||
| Anas carolinensis (Green-winged teal) | 593 | 9 | 264 | 5 | 672 | 23 | |
| A. clypeata (Northern shoveler) | 149 | 7 | 207 | 6 | 139 | 5 | |
| A. discors (Blue-winged teal) | 2,574 | 140 | 1,886* | 62 | 1,929 | 129 | |
| Anas falcata (Falcated duck) | 1 | ||||||
| A. platyrhynchos (Mallard) | 1,282 | 242 | 375 | 2 | 1,873 | 158 | |
| A. platyrhynchos × A. rubripes | 1 | ||||||
| A. rubripes (American black duck) | 50 | 5 | 3 | 24 | 1 | ||
| A. strepera (Gadwall) | 167 | 62 | 1 | 264 | 1 | ||
| Anser albifrons (Greater white-fronted goose) | 2 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| Aythya affinis (Lesser scaup) | 13 | 1 | 9 | 35 | |||
| A. americana (Redhead) | 24 | 74 | 25 | ||||
| A. collaris (Ring-necked duck) | 33 | 1 | 30 | 26 | |||
| A. marila (Greater scaup) | 1 | ||||||
| A. valisineria (Canvasback) | 9 | 1 | 28 | 3 | |||
| Branta canadensis (Canada Goose) | 11 | 564* | 167 | ||||
| Bucephala albeola (Bufflehead) | 11 | 3 | 7 | ||||
| Bucephala clangula (Common goldeneye) | 4 | 1 | |||||
| C. caerulescens (Snow goose) | 441 | 1 | |||||
| Cygnus olor (Mute swan) | 1 | ||||||
| Fulica americana (American coot) | 10 | 1 | 55 | 1 | |||
| Lophodytes cucullatus (Hooded merganser) | 6 | 1 | 20 | ||||
| Mergus merganser (Common merganser) | 2 | ||||||
| Oxyura jamaicensis (Ruddy duck) | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||
| Central | A. acuta (Northern pintail) | 14 | 1 | 12 | |||
| A. americana (American wigeon) | 2 | ||||||
| A. carolinensis (Green-winged teal) | 26 | ||||||
| A. discors (Blue-winged teal) | 4 | 9 | |||||
| A. platyrhynchos (Mallard) | 473 | 13 | 776 | 32 | |||
| A. affinis (Lesser scaup) | 16 | 3 | |||||
| A. americana (Redhead) | 6 | ||||||
| A. collaris (Ring-necked duck) | 6 | ||||||
| A. marila (Greater scaup) | 54 | 2 | |||||
| B. albeola (Bufflehead) | 2 | 1 | |||||
| C. caerulescens (Snow goose) | 162* | ||||||
| Environmental | 10 | ||||||
| O. jamaicensis (Ruddy duck) | 2 | ||||||
| Pacific | Cerorhinca monocerata (Rhinoceros auklet) | 42 | |||||
| Charadriiformes (unknown) | 2 | ||||||
| Fratercula cirrhata (Tufted puffin) | 3 | ||||||
| Rissa tridactyla (Black-legged kittiwake) | 168 | ||||||
| Uria aalge (Common murre) | 33 | ||||||
| Total samples collected | 8,962 | 7,230 | 6,700 | ||||
| Total IAV isolates | 614 | 315 | 376 | ||||
*
During the peak of the outbreak (April 1, 2015–June 30, 2015), swabs and species sampled were limited in the Mississippi and Central flyways. Only 484 of the 1,886 blue-winged teal were sampled between April 1 and June 30, 2015, and the majority of the remaining samples came from geese.