Table 2.
Diet quality scores for Delta Healthy Sprouts participants in the gestational period by treatment arm and visit (time)
| GM 4 (n = 43 and 38)a | GM 6 (n = 39 and 25) | GM 8 (n = 36 and 22)b | P | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEI-2010 Component | Arm | LSM | 95 % CI | LSM | 95 % CIc | LSM | 95 % CIc | Time | Arm | Int | |||
| Total vegetables | PAT | 2.3 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 0.877 | 0.237 | 0.367 |
| (Range 0-5) | PATE | 1.7 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 2.4 | |||
| Greens & beans | PAT | 0.6 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.243 | 0.820 | 0.797 |
| (Range 0-5) | PATE | 0.6 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.9 | |||
| Total fruit | PAT | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 0.713 | 0.860 | 0.086 |
| (Range 0–5) | PATE | 1.8 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 2.8 | |||
| Whole fruit | PAT | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 0.248 | 0.214 | 0.539 |
| (Range 0–5) | PATE | 1.6 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 2.8 | |||
| Whole grains | PAT | 2.4 | 1.4 | 3.4 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 0.818 | 0.388 | 0.375 |
| (Range 0–10) | PATE | 2.5 | 1.4 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 4.4 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 3.5 | |||
| Dairy | PAT | 4.4 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 0.311 | 0.086 | 0.543 |
| (Range 0–10) | PATE | 3.7 | 2.7 | 4.6 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 4.5 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 3.9 | |||
| Total protein foods | PAT | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 0.960 | 0.561 | 0.548 |
| (Range 0–5) | PATE | 4.3 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 5.1 | |||
| Seafood & plant proteins | PAT | 0.7 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.960 | 0.813 | 0.362 |
| (Range 0–5) | PATE | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1.7 | |||
| Fatty acids | PAT | 5.2 | 4.1 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 7.5 | 0.397 | 0.060 | 0.576 |
| (Range 0–10) | PATE | 6.8 | 5.7 | 7.9 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 7.7 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 8.2 | |||
| Sodium | PAT | 2.4 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 0.780 | 0.118 | 0.653 |
| (Range 0–10) | PATE | 3.5 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 2.4 | 5.0 | |||
| Refined grains | PAT | 5.8 | 4.8 | 6.9 | 4.5 | 3.4 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 6.5 | 0.054 | 0.104 | 0.554 |
| (Range 0–10) | PATE | 6.2 | 5.1 | 7.3 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 5.5 | 8.5 | |||
| Empty calories | PAT | 10.5 | 8.8 | 12.2 | 10.7 | 9.0 | 12.5 | 12.2 | 10.4 | 14.1 | 0.759 | 0.450 | 0.519 |
| (Range 0–20) | PATE | 11.9 | 10.1 | 13.7 | 11.9 | 9.7 | 14.1 | 11.5 | 9.2 | 13.9 | |||
| Total | PAT | 40.9 | 37.1 | 44.8 | 40.6 | 36.5 | 44.6 | 43.2 | 39.0 | 47.5 | 0.696 | 0.100 | 0.813 |
| (Range 0–100) | PATE | 45.6 | 41.5 | 49.7 | 43.9 | 38.9 | 49.0 | 45.1 | 39.7 | 50.5 | |||
GM gestational month; HEI-2010 Healthy Eating Index-2010; LSM least squares mean; CI confidence interval; Int interaction (time x arm); PAT Parents as Teachers control treatment; PATE Parents as Teachers Enhanced experimental treatment
aMissed dietary recall for 1 PATE participant
bExcluded dietary recall for 1 PATE participant (in hospital and consumed ice only)
cNegative lower limits are not feasible and were changed to 0