Aggregated and unstable protein in repair and persister mutants. Insoluble protein aggregates were quantitated as the percentage of total protein for strains JV1120 (wild type; solid bars), JV1121 (Δpcm mutant; open bars), JV1136 (ΔglpD mutant; dense stripes), and JV1154 (ΔglpD Δpcm mutant; wider stripes) incubated for 24 h in stationary phase (“unheated”). To quantitate protein that was not aggregated in vivo but could be aggregated by heat (“heated”), total protein extracts were heated for 2 h at 37°C, and then insoluble aggregates were determined as described above. Bars represent the averages of the results from 4 trials, normalized to the average aggregated protein from the unheated wild-type strain. Error bars represent one standard deviation; averages significantly different (P < 0.05) from unheated wild type (*) or heated Δpcm mutant (†) are indicated.