Table 1.
Variable | Sample (n = 453) | |
---|---|---|
Mean age, years (s.d.) | 30.31 (7.69) | |
Gender, n (%) | Men | 264 (58.3) |
Women | 189 (41.7) | |
Mean duration of education, years (s.d.) | 14.62 (3.32) | |
Ethnicity, n (%) | Caucasian | 404 (89.2) |
Black | 11 (2.4) | |
Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi | 3 (0.7) | |
Other | 34 (7.5) | |
Did not disclose | 1 (0.2) | |
Relationship status, n (%) | Currently in long-term relationship | 280 (61.8) |
Single, divorced, widowed | 171 (37.7) | |
Mean number of lifetime traumatic events meeting DSM-IV criterion A (s.d.) | 2.12 (1.96) | |
Mean number of traumatic events during training meeting criterion A (s.d.) | 0.92 (1.89) | |
History of mental disorders, n (%) | Life-time prevalence of any disorder | 188 (41.5) |
PTSD | 68 (15.0) | |
Social anxiety disorder | 19 (4.1) | |
Generalized anxiety disorder | 11 (2.4) | |
Major depressive episode | 112 (24.7) | |
Alcohol abuse | 24 (5.2) | |
Alcohol dependence | 19 (4.1) | |
Panic disorder | 6 (1.3) | |
Agoraphobia without panic disorder | 6 (1.3) | |
Substance abuse | 14 (3.1) | |
Substance dependence | 12 (2.6) | |
Obsessive–compulsive disorder | 1 (0.22) | |
Eating disorder | 1 (0.22) | |
Psychological traits: mean (s.d.) | Dissociation | 11.51 (6.59) |
Neuroticism | 4.30 (3.14) | |
Anxiety sensitivity | 13.38 (8.72) | |
Cognitive risk factors: mean (s.d.) | Perceived resilience to stress | 75.16 (10.63) |
Negative attitudes to emotional expression | 10.38 (3.42) | |
Depressive attributions | 8.63 (7.26) | |
Maladaptive post-traumatic cognitions | 54.98 (26.73) | |
Cognitive responses to memories of stressful events: mean (s.d.) | Suppression | 7.32 (3.85) |
Rumination | 5.96 (4.80) | |
Intentional numbing | 2.65 (2.58) | |
Styles of coping with stress: mean (s.d.) | Substance use | 2.70 (1.26) |
Behavioural disengagement | 2.72 (1.05) | |
Wishful thinking | 7.32 (2.18) | |
Social support: mean (s.d.) | Social support (family and friends) | 37.35 (6.41) |
Social support (work) | 30.66 (4.72) |
s.d., Standard deviation; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.