Table 3.
Episode of PTSD during 2 years of training | Episode of MD during 2 years of training | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline measure | Zero-order point-biserial correlation (n = 386) | Partial correlation, controlling for psychiatric history and trauma exposure | Zero-order point-biserial correlation (n = 383) | Partial correlation, controlling for psychiatric history and trauma exposure |
Psychiatric and trauma history | ||||
History of mental disorders (SCID) | 0.231*** | 0.233*** | ||
Lifetime exposure to traumatic events at baselinea | 0.057 | 0.127* | ||
Exposure to traumatic events from baseline to 2-year follow-up | 0.032 | 0.113* | ||
Demographics | ||||
Age | 0.093 | 0.084 | 0.093 | 0.075 |
Gender | 0.066 | 0.067 | 0.044 | 0.080 |
Ethnic minority | 0.018 | 0.026 | −0.011 | −0.007 |
Years of full-time education | −0.012 | −0.008 | 0.036 | 0.048 |
In long-term relationship | −0.100 | −0.087 | −0.033 | −0.024 |
Psychological traits | ||||
Trait dissociation | 0.185*** | 0.130* | 0.216*** | 0.164** |
Neuroticism | 0.202*** | 0.139** | 0.241*** | 0.189*** |
Anxiety sensitivity | 0.146** | 0.091 | 0.141** | 0.092 |
Cognitive risk factors | ||||
Perceived resilience to stress | −0.153** | −0.120* | −0.227*** | −0.210*** |
Negative attitudes towards emotional expression | 0.105* | 0.076 | 0.103* | 0.066 |
Depressive attributions | 0.162** | 0.103* | 0.216*** | 0.163** |
Maladaptive post-traumatic cognitionsa | 0.219*** | 0.156** | 0.233*** | 0.165** |
Cognitive responses to stressful memories | ||||
Suppression | 0.176*** | 0.125* | 0.098 | 0.049 |
Rumination | 0.243*** | 0.186*** | 0.241*** | 0.180*** |
Intentional numbing | 0.203*** | 0.139** | 0.192*** | 0.122* |
Styles of coping with stress | ||||
Substance usea | 0.011 | −0.035 | 0.135** | 0.091 |
Behavioural disengagement | 0.163** | 0.128* | 0.190*** | 0.153** |
Wishful thinking | 0.119* | 0.066 | 0.219*** | 0.186*** |
Social support | ||||
Perceived social support (family and friends) | −0.198*** | −0.154** | −0.235*** | −0.182*** |
Perceived social support (work) | −0.154** | −0.123* | −0.193*** | −0.164** |
PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; MD, major depression; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition.
Variable was square-root transformed.
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.