Table 3. Crude and adjusted odds ratios of antibiotic classes as a risk factor for CDI ribotype 027 compared to non-CDI control patients.
| Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) model 1# | Adjusted OR (95% CI) model 2## | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cephalosporins 2nd and 3rd generation without SDD | 2.31 (1.31–4.06) | 3.97 (2.03–7.77) | 5.03 (2.29–11.04) |
| Penicillins | 2.69 (1.61–4.52) | 1.82 (1.02–3.27) | 1.30 (0.67–2.55) |
| Quinolones | 4.01 (2.12–7.57) | 2.71 (1.34–5.48) | 2.21 (1.03–4.77) |
| Metronidazole | 5.59 (2.69–11.63) | 2.48 (1.04–5.94) | 1.38 (0.55–3.45) |
| SDD | 7.02 (3.76–13.02) | 4.35 (1.46–12.99) | 10.24 (2.84–36.85) |
| Vancomycin | 2.85 (1.42–5.72) | 1.41 (0.62–3.24) | 0.96 (0.40–2.28) |
| Macrolides | 3.38 (1.63–7.02) | 1.68 (0.73–3.89) | 1.11 (0.45–2.73) |
| Clindamycin | 0.83 (0.28–2.51) | 0.74 (0.23–2.39) | NA |
| Carbapenems | 1.64 (0.70–3.83) | 0.84 (0.32–2.21) | NA |
| Aminoglycoside | 1.62 (0.61–4.34) | 2.09 (0.76–5.81) | NA |
The univariate and multivariable analysis was done by conditional logistic regression.
# Adjusted for length of stay (admission day-index date), sex, Charlson comorbidity index, and stay at ICU
## Adjusted for length of stay (admission day-index date), sex, Charlson comorbidity index, stay at ICU, and the use of antibiotic classes associated in univariate analysis (cephalosporins 2nd and 3rd generation without SDD, penicillins, quinolones, metronidazole, SDD, vancomycin, and macrolides were separately entered into the multivariable model).
SDD: selective decontamination of the digestive tract; NA: not applicable