Table 1. Clinical characteristics of bloodstream infection episodes in the pre-program and program periods.
| Pre-program period | Program period | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 648) | (n = 678) | ||||
| N | (%) | N | (%) | ||
| Age, years | |||||
| ≥65 | 402 | (62.0) | 406 | (59.9) | 0.421 |
| Median (IQR) | 69 (57–76) | 68 (57–75) | 0.521 | ||
| Gender | 0.779 | ||||
| Female | 285 | (44.0) | 293 | (43.2) | |
| Male | 363 | (56.0) | 385 | (56.8) | |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Solid tumor | 277 | (42.8) | 288 | (42.5) | 0.921 |
| Metastatic cancer | 97 | (15.0) | 92 | (13.6) | 0.466 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 49 | (7.6) | 57 | (8.4) | 0.571 |
| Diabetes | 135 | (20.8) | 153 | (22.6) | 0.444 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 119 | (18.4) | 118 | (17.4) | 0.648 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 36 | (5.6) | 47 | (6.9) | 0.301 |
| Heart failure | 32 | (4.9) | 48 | (7.1) | 0.102 |
| ESRD | 28 | (4.3) | 36 | (5.3) | 0.401 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 22 | (3.4) | 15 | (2.2) | 0.191 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | |||||
| ≥5 | 315 | (48.6) | 330 | (48.7) | 0.982 |
| Median (IQR) | 5 (3–8) | 5 (3–7) | 0.475 | ||
| Service department | 0.493 | ||||
| Medical | 411 | (63.4) | 441 | (65.0) | |
| Surgical | 159 | (24.5) | 145 | (21.4) | |
| Infectious diseases | 72 | (11.1) | 83 | (12.2) | |
| Other | 6 | (0.9) | 9 | (1.3) | |
| Patient location | 0.005 | ||||
| ICU | 46 | (7.1) | 79 | (11.7) | |
| Non-ICU | 602 | (92.9) | 599 | (88.4) | |
| Type of acquisition | 0.682 | ||||
| Community-acquired | 189 | (29.2) | 191 | (28.2) | |
| Healthcare-associated | 193 | (29.8) | 217 | (32.0) | |
| Hospital-onset | 266 | (41.1) | 270 | (39.8) | |
| Site of infection | 0.579 | ||||
| Intra-abdominal | 115 | (17.8) | 145 | (21.4) | |
| Hepatobiliary | 195 | (30.1) | 181 | (26.7) | |
| Genitourinary | 135 | (20.8) | 127 | (18.7) | |
| Catheter-related | 59 | (9.1) | 82 | (12.1) | |
| Lower respiratory | 37 | (5.7) | 31 | (4.6) | |
| Skin and soft tissuea | 40 | (6.2) | 40 | (5.9) | |
| Bone & joint | 33 | (5.1) | 30 | (4.4) | |
| Cardiovascular | 18 | (2.8) | 19 | (2.8) | |
| Other | 16 | (2.7) | 23 | (3.4) | |
| Empirical therapy | 0.706 | ||||
| Effective | 519 | (80.1) | 527 | (77.7) | 0.292 |
| Superfluous broad-spectrum | 181 | (27.9) | 170 | (25.1) | 0.238 |
| Optimal | 317 | (48.9) | 337 | (49.4) | 0.775 |
| Other | 21 | (3.2) | 20 | (3.0) | 0.760 |
| Ineffective | 129 | (19.9) | 151 | (22.3) | 0.292 |
a. Including surgical wound infection.