Table 2. Characteristics of Patients Receiving and Not Receiving Concurrent Treatment for Two or More Acute Cardiopulmonary Conditions among Pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Heart Failure Cohorts.

	Pneumonia cohort		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cohort		Heart failure cohort
	Concurrent treatment (29,768 hospitalizations) N (%)	No concurrent treatment (61,941 hospitalizations) N (%)	Concurrent treatment (7,759 hospitalizations) N (%)	No concurrent treatment (33,293 hospitalizations) N (%)	Concurrent treatment (44,505 hospitalizations) N (%)	No concurrent treatment (73,556 hospitalizations) N (%)
Age in years
65-74	9,879 (33)	18,736 (30)	3,180 (41)	16,573 (50)	12,066 (27)	20,329 (28)
75-84	11,808 (40)	24,234 (39)	3,177 (41)	12,445 (37)	17,413 (39)	28,706 (39)
85+	8,081 (27)	18,971 (31)	1,402 (18)	4,275 (13)	15,026 (34)	24,521 (33)
Sex
Female	15,671 (53)	32,377 (52)	4,242 (55)	19,234 (58)	23,942 (54)	39,238 (53)
Male	14,097 (47)	29,564 (48)	3,517 (45)	14,059 (42)	20,563 (46)	34,318 (47)
Comorbidities
Peripheral vascular disease	3,181 (11)	5,853 (9)	966 (12)	3,182 (10)	6,822 (15)	10,891 (15)
Hypertension	20,987 (71)	43,897 (71)	5,738 (74)	22,968 (69)	31,539 (71)	52,465 (71)
Diabetes with and without complications	10,191 (34)	19,197 (31)	3,147 (41)	9,782 (29)	19,555 (44)	32,369 (44)
Obesity	2,570 (9)	3,554 (6)	1,274 (16)	2,926 (9)	5,384 (12)	8,823 (12)
Chronic pulmonary disease	19,978 (67)	28,711 (46)	--	--	22,922 (52)	23,548 (32)
Renal failure	7,270 (24)	13,001 (21)	1,853 (24)	3,981 (12)	19,027 (43)	33,007 (45)
Fluid and electrolyte disorders	11,197 (38)	24,535 (40)	2,183 (28)	8,261 (25)	14,806 (33)	21,071 (29)
Deficiency anemias	9,528 (32)	19,622 (32)	1,982 (26)	5,884 (18)	16,220 (36)	24,756 (34)
Liver disease	158 (1)	367 (1)	32 (0)	163 (0)	238 (1)	414 (1)
Depression	3,884 (13)	8,128 (13)	1,050 (14)	4,938 (15)	4,757 (11)	6,998 (10)