Table 3.
Means for each experimental pain measure across the five clusters.
| Pain measures means (SD) |
Low Pressure Pain Sensitivity (n=39) |
Average Pain Sensitivity (n=88) |
High Temporal Summation of Punctate Pain (n=38) |
High Cold Pain Sensitivity (n=80) |
High Heat Pain & Temporal Summation of Heat Pain (n=41) |
Probability |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted* | ||||||
| PP Threshold Medial JL b | 528.5 (91.4) | 350.5 (132.5) | 193.3 (129.8) | 177.9 (78.3) | 210.3 (125.8) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| PP Threshold Lateral JL b | 534.9 (113.9) | 360.5 (130.8) | 215.5 (162.8) | 205.9 (108.7) | 224.5 (138.8) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| PP Threshold Quadriceps b | 732.7 (217.3) | 494.2 (175.5) | 340.3 (173.1) | 276.4 (120.6) | 334.1 (178.2) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| PP Threshold Trapezius b | 550.6 (179.2) | 295.2 (114.5) | 201.5 (139.3) | 173.7 (80.4) | 185.5 (113.6) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| PP Threshold Epicondyle b | 505.5 (205.0) | 268.0 (140.9) | 178.9 (99.5) | 165.2 (63.6) | 159.4 (74.1) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| HP Tolerance Knee b, c | 48.1 (1.4) | 46.9 (1.6) | 45.3 (2.3) | 45.0 (2.7) | 42.8 (3.5) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| HP Tolerance Arm b, c | 48.1 (1.5) | 47.0 (1.6) | 44.9 (2.1) | 45.4 (2.1) | 42.5 (3.6) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| HP Threshold Knee b, c | 44.7 (2.5) | 43.3 (2.7) | 41.5 (3.0) | 40.8 (2.8) | 39.3 (3.7) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| HP Threshold Arm b, c | 44.7 (1.9) | 42.9 (2.6) | 40.9 (3.2) | 40.9 (2.8) | 38.6 (3.7) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| TS Arm at 46°C (Δ0–100) b | −7.6 (35.7) | 2.4 (14.9) | −0.7 (23.8) | −1.4 (11.9) | 29.7 (21.2) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| TS Arm at 48°C (Δ0–100) b | 3.8 (12.2) | 12.5 (18.4) | 7.8 (12.8) | 3.6 (10.4) | 34.8 (21.5) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| TS Knee at 46°C (Δ0–100) b | 2.1 (9.1) | 2.9 (16.9) | 4.9 (17.1) | −0.9 (16.8) | 31.2 (21.7) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| TS Knee at 48°C (Δ0–100) b | 1.7 (17.2) | 11.6 (18.0) | 9.5 (21.9) | 5.0 (12.4) | 32.3 (23.6) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| CP Threshold 8°C b | 26.6 (18.0) | 12.6 (8.7) | 9.5 (6.4) | 7.6 (4.9) | 9.0 (7.3) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| CP Threshold 12°C b | 38.7 (18.1) | 21.0 (14.2) | 17.4 (11.4) | 11.7 (7.6) | 14.8 (11.9) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| CP Threshold 16°C b | 50.1 (14.0) | 36.4 (16.9) | 35.7 (19.5) | 22.7 (13.5) | 31.4 (17.6) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Punctate Patella (Δ0–100) a | 3.8 (5.6) | 12.4 (12.9) | 51.9 (15.4) | 20.1 (15.2) | 25.3 (13.6) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Punctate Hand (Δ0–100) a | 2.9 (8.7) | 9.0 (11.1) | 47.7 (20.4) | 12.7 (12.4) | 23.6 (18.1) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Conditioned Pain Modulation d | −0.9 (16.6) | 2.4 (15.5) | 4.3 (16.8) | 2.9 (13.8) | 3.9 (12.9) | 0.3865 | 0.7815 |
Statistical analysis adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, level of education, income and study site.
Significant group differences between the High Punctate Pain TS Cluster and all other Clusters (p<0.05, Bonferroni)
Significant group differences between the Low Pressure Pain Cluster and all other Clusters (p<0.05, Bonferroni)
Significant group differences between the High Heat Pain & High TS of Heat Pain Cluster and all other Clusters (p < 0.05, Bonferroni)
Conditioned Pain Modulation was calculated as Post-conditioning stimulus pain ratings minus the Pre-conditioning stimulus pain ratings with negative values suggesting a pain inhibition and positive values suggesting pain facilitation.