Table 1.

Patient characteristics of included and excluded participants in the current study.

Preoperative Characteristics	Total (n=346)	Included (n=218)	Excluded (n=128)	Statistic	P value
Age (years)	62.3 ± 9.6	61.7 ± 10.0	63.4 ± 8.78	t344=1.67	.096
Sex				X2(1,346)=23.2	<.0001*
Female	158 (46%)	140 (64%)	48 (38%)
Male	188 (54%)	78 (36%)	80 (62%)
Marital Status	n=315	n=201	n=114	X2(1,315)=4.6	.033
Married/SO	201 (64%)	137 (68%)	64 (56%)
Never/Divorce/Wid	114 (36%)	64 (32%)	50 (44%)
Race/Ethnicity (Non-Hispanic/Caucasian)	328 (95%)	211 (97%)	117 (91%)	X2(1,346)=4.7	.030
Education	n=314	n=201	n=113	X2(2,314)=13.0	.002*
≤High School	107 (34%)	60 (30%)	47 (42%)
Some College	94 (30%)	54 (27%)	40 (35%)
≥College Degree	113 (36%)	87 (43%)	26 (23%)
BMI (kg/m2)	33.9 ± 7.7	33.9 ± 7.0	33.9 ± 8.8	t344=0.09	.928
Severe OA, KL grade = 4	251 (73%)	148 (68%)	103 (80%)	X2(1,346)=6.4	.011
Pain in Other Joints = Yes	222 (64%)	139 (64%)	83 (65%)	X2(1,346)=0.04	.839
Pain Medication Use
Non-Opioids - Yes	263 (76%)	174 (80%)	89 (70%)	X2(1,346)=4.7	.037
Opioids - Yes	104 (30%)	57 (26%)	47 (37%)	X2(1,346)=4.3	.040
Pain Duration	n=337	n=215	n=122	X2(2,337)=1.4	.508
< 1 year	20 (6%)	14 (7%)	6 (5%)
Couple or Few years	136 (40%)	82 (38%)	54 (44%)
Several or Many yrs	181 (54%)	119 (55%)	62 (51%)
Co-morbidities	n=345	n=217	n=128	X2(2,345)=4.4	.109
None	71 (21%)	48 (22%)	23 (18%)
1 – 2	145 (42%)	97 (48%)	48 (38%)
≥ 3	129 (37.4%)	72 (33%)	57 (45%)

Categorical data described as number (percent). Continuous data described as mean ± SD.

^*Significance set at p ≤ 0.01.

Abbreviations: SO=Significant Other; Wid=Widow; OA=Osteoarthritis; KL= Kellgren-Lawrence grade; BMI=Body Mass Index.