Table 5.
Patient Clinical Characteristics (mean, SD or frequency, %) by cluster profile, statistical differences adjusted for age and sex.
| Preoperative Characteristics | Low Pressure Pain Profile (n=40) | Average Pain Profile (n=84) | High Heat & Pressure Pain Profile (n=39) | High Temp Summation Profile (n=45) | High Punctate Pain Profile (n=10) | Statistic | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDS Depression Screen Positive (> 16) | 7/38 (18%) | 16/81 (20%) | 11/37 (30%) | 10/42 (24%) | 3/9 (33%) | X2(4,207)=2.45 | 0.65 |
| Trait Anxiety (20 - 80) | 31.8 ± 7.9 | 33.0 ± 8.4 | 36.9 ± 11.9 | 33.7 ± 7.9 | 38.0 ± 13.2 | F4,199 = 2.27 | 0.06 |
| Pain Catastrophizing (0 – 52) | 10.7 ± 9.5 | 10.0 ± 7.6 | 13.6 ± 11.3 | 11.0 ± 9.9 | 11.8 ± 11.0 | F4,205 = 0.92 | 0.45 |
| Severe OA, KL grade = 4 | 30 (75%) | 56 (67%) | 27 (69%) | 30 (67%) | 5 (50%) | X2(4,218)=2.52 | 0.64 |
| Pain Other Joints = Yes | 26 (65%) | 52 (62%) | 27 (69%) | 27 (60%) | 7 (70%) | X2(4,218)=1.10 | 0.89 |
| Pain Medication Use | |||||||
| Non-Opioids - Yes | 32 (80%) | 72 (86%) | 31 (80%) | 33 (73%) | 6 (60%) | X2(4,218)=5.43 | 0.25 |
| Opioids - Yes | 7 (18%) | 21 (25%) | 13 (33%) | 13 (29%) | 3 (30%) | X2(4,218)=2.90 | 0.58 |
| Pain Duration | n=38 | n=44 | X2(8,215)=3.77 | 0.88 | |||
| < 1 year | 2 (5%) | 7 (8%) | 2 (5%) | 3 (7%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Couple or Few years | 14 (37%) | 27 (32%) | 17 (44%) | 19 (43%) | 5 (50%) | ||
| Several or Many yrs | 22 (58%) | 50 (60%) | 20 (51%) | 22 (50%) | 5 (50%) | ||
| Pain Ratings (0 – 20) | |||||||
| Resting pain | 2.3 ± 3.5a | 2.5 ± 3.5a | 4.2 ± 4.7a | 3.0 ± 3.5a | 8.3 ± 5.5b | F4,217 = 6.03 | 0.0001* |
| ROM Pain | 5.4 ± 4.4a | 7.4 ± 5.5a,b | 10.0 ± 5.9b,c | 6.5 ± 4.7a,b | 12.5 ± 4.6c | F4,217 = 5.17 | 0.001* |
| Gait Pain | 4.5 ± 5.0a | 5.6 ± 5.1a | 8.1 ± 6.2a,b | 5.3 ± 4.7a | 11.7 ± 6.0b | F4,215 = 4.00 | 0.004* |
| KOOS (0 – 100) | |||||||
| Symptoms | 49.9 ± 23.6 | 45.2 ± 16.3 | 42.2 ± 18.8 | 48.7 ± 17.5 | 34.3 ± 13.4 | F4,203 = 1.24 | 0.30 |
| Pain | 51.4 ± 20.4a | 47.5 ± 15.5a | 43.5 ± 17.1a | 46.6 ± 16.7a | 27.5 ± 13.7b | F4,203 = 3.44 | 0.01* |
| Function | 60.2 ± 17.2a | 57.5 ± 16.7a | 51.9 ± 17.9a | 52.0 ± 17.9a | 34.6 ± 16.7b | F4,199 = 4.66 | 0.001* |
| SF-36 (0 – 100) | |||||||
| Physical Health | 49.3 ± 18.6 | 42.8 ± 17.6 | 40.4 ± 18.6 | 41.8 ± 17.0 | 29.7 ± 14.9 | F4,205 = 1.70 | 0.15 |
| Mental Health | 70.3 ± 20.7 | 65.2 ± 18.8 | 56.8 ± 23.5 | 64.2 ± 21.4 | 53.7 ± 23.8 | F4,203 = 2.14 | 0.08 |
Abbreviations: OA=Osteoarthritis; ROM=Range of Motion; GDS=Geriatric Depression Scale; KOOS=Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score; SF-36=Short Form 36 Health Survey
Significance set at p ≤ 0.01; ANCOVA analyses adjusted for age and sex, but unadjusted means (SD) shown for each group. Means with the same superscript letter do not significantly differ from each other, using Tukey’s post-hoc tests.