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. 2016 Aug 4;2016:8512351. doi: 10.1155/2016/8512351

Table 1.

Summary of case reports of prenatally diagnosed agnathia.

Author, year Age (year) Diagnostic approach GA at initial diagnosis (week) AFI Karyotype Major associated anomaly GA at delivery (week) Intervention after birth Outcome Survival period (day)
Scholl Jr., 1977 [15] 27 Radiograph 1 33 NA Not performed None NA / NND 0
Dao et al., 1988 [16] 17 Ultrasound (2D) 32 NA 46, XY None NA None NND 0
Persutte et al., 1990 [17] 24 Ultrasound (2D) 20 NA 46, XX MCA 2 21 / IUFD /
Brown and Marsh, 1990 [18] 23 Ultrasound (2D) 36 NA 46, XY MCA 3 39 / NND 5
Rolland et al., 1991 [5] 27 Ultrasound (2D) 23 Normal 46, XX Polydactyly, holoprosencephaly 25 / IUFD /
Lin et al., 1998 [19] 30 Ultrasound (2D, 3D) 24 28.4 46, XX None 24 / TOP /
Rahmani et al., 1998 [20] 33 Ultrasound (2D) 19 Normal 46, XY None NA / TOP /
Ibba et al., 2000 [6] 32 Ultrasound (2D) 32 NA 46, XY Hypoplastic thymus 32 None NND 0
Ebina et al., 2001 [7] 36 Ultrasound (2D)/MRI/CT 22 + 2 19.5 46, XX Holoprosencephaly, hemivertebrae, adhesion of the ribs 26 + 1 / TOP /
Yang et al., 2003 [8] 30 Ultrasound (2D) 31 + 2 45 46, XY Hypospadia, cryptorchidism, subependymal cyst 32 + 1 Tracheostomy NND 14
Chen et al., 2003 [9] 30 Ultrasound (2D)/MRI 29 45 46, XX None 29 None NND 0
Falcon et al., 2004 [10] 18 Ultrasound (2D) 18 Normal 46, XY Tetraamelia, CDH, anal imperforation NA / TOP /
Umekawa et al., 2007 [11] 34 Ultrasound (3D)/MRI 26 47 46, XY None 33 + 5 Tracheotomy (EXIT) NND 3
Rajan et al., 2007 [21] 27 Ultrasound (2D, 3D) 32 54 46, XX None 37 Tracheostomy NND 0
Ducarme et al., 2007 [22] 35 Ultrasound (2D, 3D) 16 NA 46, XX None 28 / TOP /
Chen et al., 2007 [23] 41 Ultrasound (2D), MRI 12 NA 46, XY None 16 / TOP /
Tantbirojn et al., 2008 [24] 37 Ultrasound (2D, 3D) 26 Normal 46, XY None 23 / TOP /
Huissoudc et al., 2008 [25] 37 Ultrasound (2D, 3D) 16 Normal 46, XY None 17 / TOP /
Chaoui et al., 2011 [12] NA Ultrasound (2D, 3D) Second trimester Slightly increased 46, XY Absence of the left kidney NA / TOP /
Donnelly et al., 2012 [26] NA Ultrasound (2D, 3D) 33 49 46, XX None 33 Tracheostomy (failed) NND 0
Akiyama et al., 2013 [13] 40 Ultrasound (2D, 3D), MRI 25 26 46, XY None 38 None NND 0
Patat et al., 2013 [14] 36 Ultrasound (2D) 28 Increased 46, XY None 30 None NND 0

1: radiograph taken after the injection of renografin.

2: anterior cervical cyst (hypopharynx), cyclopia, polysplenia, bilateral left lung, duodenal atresia, aplasia of the pituitary gland, adrenal hypoplasia, hydranencephaly, holoprosencephalic brain, absence of the internal carotid artery.

3: brachydactyly, syndactyly, micropenis with hypospadias and cryptorchidism, Dandy-Walker malformation, tetralogy of fallot, agenesis of the corpus callosum.