Table 2.
Three types of clinical evidence regarding various risk factors
| Evidence Type | Risk Factor Indicator | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Token-level Clinical Entity |
CAD:mention | ‘CAD’, ‘3-vessel coronary artery disease’, ‘Coronary arteriosclerosis’ |
| DIABETES:mention | ‘DM’, ‘DMII’, ‘Diabetes mellitus’, ‘non-insulin-dependent diabetes’ | |
| OBESE:mention | ‘moderately obese’, ‘mild obesity’, ‘obesity-related conditions’ | |
| HYPERLIMIDEMIA:mention | ‘elevated cholesterol’, ‘hypercholesterolemia’, ‘hyperlipidemia’ | |
| HYPERTENSION:mention | ‘HTN’, ‘hypertension’, ‘hypertensive’ | |
| MEDICATION (+18) | ‘lisinopril’, ‘Zestril (LISINOPRIL)’, ‘Insulin 70/30 HUMAN 70-30’ | |
| Sentence-level Clinical Fact |
CAD:event | ‘stenting at that time, and subsequently had another stent placed in 2076’ |
| CAD:test | ‘The pre-intervention stenosis was 95% with 0% residual stenosis’ | |
| CAD:symptom | ‘has been getting chest pain and pressure with some shortness of breath’ | |
| SMOKER:current | ‘Smokes about a half pack per day’, ‘Tob: 2 pack/y since 30 yo’ | |
| SMOKER:ever | ‘50 pack year cigarette smoking history’, ‘History of tobacco use’ | |
| SMOKER:never | ‘Tob: denies’, ‘Nonsmoker’, ‘no history of smoking’, ‘does not drink, smoke’ | |
| SMOKER:past | ‘Tobacco: 1ppd from 14–50, quit 26 years ago’, ‘Remote h/o smoking’ | |
| FAMILY:present | ‘Mother died in her 50s of CAD’, ‘Brother – CABG with redo in his 40’s’ | |
| Sentence-level Clinical Measurement |
DIABETES:AlC | ‘Last A1c was 13.9. 5/23’, ‘HbA1c 01/13/2121 7.50’ |
| DIABETES:glucose | ‘FS: 109–160’, ‘blood sugars were found to be in the 300–400s’ | |
| OBESE:BMI | ‘BMI 31.9’, ‘BMI = 35 -> 32/33’, ‘BMI = 35’ | |
| HYPERLIMIDEMIA:high LDL | ‘Cholesterol-LDL 11/25/2115 121’, ‘LDL 196’, ‘Her last LDL was over 100’ | |
| HYPERLIMIDEMIA:high chol. | ‘cholesterol level was total 283’, ‘Cholesterol 242’, ‘cholesterol of 319’ | |
| HYPERTENSION:high bp | ‘BP: 190/102’, ‘blood pressure of 140/82’, ‘SBP 140–160mmHg’ |