Figure 1.

Representative 2D and Doppler examples. Stroke volume was calculated from the LV inflow as the product of mitral valve area derived from the diameter at the level of the mitral valve tips from the apical four chamber view (A) and the LV inflow time velocity integral as measured by pulsed-wave Doppler of the mitral inflow at the level of the mitral valve tips from the apical four chamber view (B). The ratio of early mitral inflow peak velocity (B) to that of the early peak tissue velocity of the medial mitral annulus (C) was used as an estimate of LV filling pressure. The PA systolic pressure was calculated in standard fashion from the peak tricuspid regurgitant velocity (D).