Table 3.

Clinical and echocardiographic exercise characteristics according to age.

Age (years)	<40 (n=38)	40–49 (n=93)	50–59 (n=127)	60–69 (n=127)	>70 (n=84)
Exercise duration (min*)	10.8±2	10.2±2.4	9.3±2.3	8.3±2.3	7.0±1.9
	(10.1, 11.5)	(9.7, 10.7)	(8.9, 9.7)	(7.9, 8.7)	(6.6, 7.4)
% of predicted functional aerobic capacity*	101±11	115±23	125±26	124±26	131±34
	(97, 105)	(111, 120)	(121, 130)	(120, 129)	(124, 139)
Peak systolic blood pressure (mmHg*)	155±23	167±26	163±21	170±23	166±26
	(147, 163)	(160, 171)	(159, 167)	(166, 174)	(160, 172)
Systemic pulse pressure (mmHg)	39±19	44±21	40±19	37±22	33±21
	(33, 45)	(39, 48)	(37, 43)	(33, 40)	(28, 37)
Peak heart rate (beats per min*)	175±19	167±17	157±15	147±16	136±17
	(169, 181)	(164, 171)	(154, 160)	(144, 149)	(132, 140)
Tricuspid regurgitant peak velocity (m/s*)	2.6±0.3	2.8±0.4	2.8±0.4	2.8±0.4	3.0±0.5
	(2.5, 2.7)	(2.7, 2.8)	(2.7, 2.8)	(2.7, 2.9)	(2.9, 3.1)
Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (mmHg*, **)	33±7	36±8	36±9	37±10	41±12
	(31–35)	(34–37)	(34–38)	(35–39)	(38–43)
	50	53	54	54	56
Delta pulmonary artery systolic pressure from baseline (mmHg*)	7±7	8±8	9±8	9±8	10±9
	(5,10)	(7, 10)	(7, 10)	(7, 10)	(8, 12)
Cardiac output (L/min*)	16.6±5.8	17.4±4.8	14.7±4.9	14.6±4.6	12.8±3.7
	(14.4, 18.7)	(16.2, 18.6)	(16.2, 18.6)	(13.7, 15.5)	(11.9, 13.7)
PASP/cardiac output (mmHg/L min−1)	2.3±1.3	2.2±0.7	2.7±1.1	2.8±1.2	3.3±1.1
	(1.8, 2.7)	(2.0, 2.4)	(2.5, 2.9)	(2.6, 3.0)	(3.1, 3.6)
Delta PASP/cardiac output from baseline (mmHg/L min−1)	0.99±1.6	1.03±1.1	1.56±2.1	1.33±1.5	1.83±2.2
	(0.4, 1.6)	(0.76, 1.31)	(1.2, 2.0)	(1.0, 1.6)	(1.3, 2.4)

^*Data presented as mean±s.d. and (upper and lower 95% confidence intervals)

^**Upper normal defined as the 5% limit derived from semi-parametric logistic regression of normative data factoring in age.