Table 5.
Socio-demographic characteristics associated with obesity and lack of physical activity, STEPS Survey, Punjab, India, 2014
| Characteristics | Total N | Obesity N (%) | OR (95 % CI) | P value | Less than WHO recommended physical activity N (%) | OR (95 % CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 5032 | 672 (13) | 1044 (21) | ||||
| Age group in years | |||||||
| 18–44 | 3279 | 370 (11) | 1.0 | Ref | 695 (21) | 1.0 | Ref |
| 45–69 | 1753 | 302 (17) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | <0.001 | 349 (20) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.3 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 2326 | 265 (11) | 1.0 | Ref | 334 (14) | 1.0 | Ref |
| Female | 2706 | 407 (15) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | <0.001 | 710 (26) | 2.1 (1.8–2.4) | <0.001 |
| Social group | |||||||
| SC/ST | 1896 | 198 (10) | 1.0 | Ref | 316 (17) | 1.0 | Ref |
| Other backward caste | 683 | 94 (14) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.02 | 141 (21) | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 0.006 |
| General | 2363 | 380 (16) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | <0.001 | 587 (25) | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) | <0.001 |
| Educational status | |||||||
| Illiterate | 1191 | 130 (11) | 1.0 | Ref | 290 (24) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 0.005 |
| Upto primary education | 1243 | 185 (15) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.003 | 234 (19) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.4 |
| Upto secondary education | 748 | 106 (14) | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 0.03 | 148 (20) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.8 |
| Higher education | 1850 | 251 (14) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.03 | 372 (20) | 1.0 | Ref |
| Occupation | |||||||
| Government employee | 181 | 34 (18) | 3.4 (2.1–5.3) | <0.001 | 30 (17) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 0.4 |
| Non-government employee | 948 | 61 (6) | 1.0 | Ref | 135 (14) | 1.0 | Ref |
| Self-employed | 1274 | 163 (13) | 2.1 (1.6–2.9) | <0.001 | 193 (15) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.6 |
| Unpaid | 2320 | 373 (16) | 2.8 (2.1–3.7) | <0.001 | 609 (26) | 2.1 (1.7–2.6) | <0.001 |
| Unemployed | 301 | 41 (13) | 2.3 (1.5–3.5) | <0.001 | 77 (26) | 2.1 (1.5–2.8) | <0.001 |
SCs and STs are groups of historically disadvantaged people in India recognised by the Constitution of India; OBC is a collective term used by the Constitution of India to classify castes which are socially and educationally disadvantaged although they are considered to be at a less disadvantageous position than SCs and STs; General category is a term used in India to denote a group other than OBCs, SCs and STs and are considered socially, educationally, and economically advanced; social group and marital status are unknown because participants refused to answer these questions; Unpaid includes student, homemaker and retired