Table 2.
Pregnancy outcomes associated with the 4 glucose level groups
| Variable | Number | Negative screening (n = 9002) | False-positive screening (n = 1776) | CC-only-GDM (not meeting NDDG) (n = 251) | NDDG-GDM (n = 457) | Rao-Scott Chi-Square | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neonatal outcome | |||||||
| Macrosomia (>4000 g) | 120/11,486 | 75 (0.8) | 22 (1.2) | 7 (2.8) | 16 (3.5) | 39.0 | <0.001 |
| Preterm labor (<37 weeks) | 789/11,486 | 581 (6.5) | 127 (7.2) | 25 (10.0) | 56 (12.3) | 27.0 | <0.001 |
| Low birth weight (<2500 g) | 673/11,486 | 507 (5.6) | 105 (5.9) | 20 (8.0) | 41 (9.0) | 10.9 | 0.01 |
| Admission to NICUa | 789/11,471 | 584 (6.5) | 121 (6.8) | 26 (10.4) | 58 (12.7) | 31.1 | <0.001 |
| Apgar score <7 at 1 min | 127/11,486 | 99 (1.1) | 17 (1.0) | 4 (1.6) | 7 (1.5) | 1.7 | 0.64 |
| Apgar score <7 at 5 min | 37/11,486 | 28 (0.3) | 8 (0.5) | - | 1 (0.2) | - | - |
| Maternal outcome | |||||||
| Cesarean section | 3632/11,486 | 2721 (30.2) | 617 (34.7) | 101 (40.2) | 193 (42.2) | 46.3 | <0.001 |
| Gestational hypertension or preeclampsia | 383/11,486 | 255 (2.8) | 82 (4.6) | 14 (5.6) | 32 (7.0) | 38.6 | <0.001 |
| Shoulder dystociab | 79/7854 | 64 (1.0) | 7 (0.6) | 3 (2.0) | 5 (1.9) | 5.5 | 0.14 |
| Third- or fourth-degree perineal lacerationb | 429/7854 | 337 (5.4) | 69 (6.0) | 9 (6.0) | 14 (5.3) | 0.7 | 0.86 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 98/11,486 | 76 (0.8) | 16 (0.9) | 3 (1.2) | 3 (0.7) | 0.6 | 0.89 |
Data are presented as n (%)
CC Carpenter-Coustan criteria, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, NDDG National Diabetes Data Group criteria, NICU neonatal intensive care unit
The Rao-Scott Chi-Square test was performed
aExcluding neonatal death
bOnly including vaginal delivery