Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratios for pregnancy outcomes
| Variable | Negative screening (n = 9002) | False-positive screening (n = 1776) | CC-only-GDM (not meeting NDDG) (n = 251) | NDDG-GDM (n = 457) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neonatal outcome | ||||
| Macrosomia (>4000 g) | 1 | 1.30(0.79–2.15) | 2.73(1.18–6.31)c | 3.15(1.71–5.80)c |
| Preterm labor (<37 weeks) | 1 | 1.09(0.89–1.34) | 1.53(0.99–2.37) | 1.90(1.39–2.58)c |
| Low birth weight (<2500 g) | 1 | 1.07(0.85–1.33) | 1.64(1.01–2.64)c | 1.81(1.28–2.56)c |
| Admission to NICUa | 1 | 1.02(0.83–1.25) | 1.61(1.05–2.46)c | 1.98(1.47–2.68)c |
| Apgar score <7 at 1 min | 1 | 0.78(0.46–1.32) | 1.20(0.43–3.35) | 1.13(0.51–2.51) |
| Maternal outcome | ||||
| Cesarean section | 1 | 1.06(0.94–1.21) | 1.11(0.82–1.50) | 1.19(0.95–1.49) |
| Gestational hypertension or preeclampsia | 1 | 1.36(1.04–1.79)c | 1.42(0.79–2.58) | 1.70(1.11–2.60)c |
| Shoulder dystociab | 1 | 0.61(0.27–1.34) | 1.95(0.59–6.46) | 2.02(0.78–5.23) |
| Third- or fourth-degree perineal lacerationb | 1 | 1.04(0.78–1.37) | 1.05(0.52–2.14) | 0.98(0.55–1.74) |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 1 | 1.02(0.59–1.77) | 1.26(0.39–4.08) | 0.68(0.21–2.21) |
Data are presented as adjusted odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals)
Odds ratios were adjusted for nulliparity, maternal age, body mass index at delivery, and delivery year. In addition to the above confounding factors, delivery type (Cesarean section or not) was added for adjustment based on the perinatal outcome of postpartum hemorrhage
CC Carpenter-Coustan criteria, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, NDDG National Diabetes Data Group criteria, NICU neonatal intensive care unit
aExcluding neonatal death
bOnly including vaginal delivery
c95 % confidence interval did not include 1