Table 4.
Fully-Adjusted Prevalence Ratios of Sexual Orientation Disparites in Health Behaviors and Healthcare Access and Utilization Indicators among 69,270 U.S. Men and Women by Younger and Older Age Group, National Health Interview Survey, 2013 and 2014
| Men (n = 30,961) (reference: heterosexual) | Women (n = 38,309) (reference: heterosexual) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gay PR (95 % CI) | Bisexual PR (95 % CI) | Lesbian PR (95 % CI) | Bisexual PR (95 % CI) | |||||
| n = 624 | n = 162 | n = 525 | n = 353 | |||||
| Younger, PR (95 % CI) | Older, PR (95 % CI) | Younger, PR (95 % CI) | Older, PR (95 % CI) | Younger, PR (95 % CI) | Older, PR (95 % CI) | Younger, PR (95 % CI) | Older, PR (95 % CI) | |
| n = 147 | n = 477 | n = 59 | n = 103 | n = 143 | n = 382 | n = 172 | n = 181 | |
| Health behavior | ||||||||
| Alcohol consumption (reference: never) | ||||||||
| Current | 1.68 (1.09–2.61) | 1.25 (1.04–1.52) | 1.27 (0.85–1.88) | 1.14 (0.83–1.57) | 1.51 (1.08–2.10) | 1.47 (1.16–1.87) | 1.44 (1.01–2.05) | 1.18 (0.85–1.64) |
| Former | 0.90 (0.49–1.66) | 1.13 (0.95–1.35) | 0.54 (0.16–1.88) | 0.99 (0.62–1.56) | 0.83 (0.29–2.33) | 1.53 (1.25–1.88) | 1.24 (0.68–2.25) | 1.57 (1.18–2.08 ) |
| Heavy drinkinga | 0.72 (0.32–1.59) | 0.96 (0.58–1.59) | 2.01 (0.86–4.66) | 1.63 (0.66–3.99) | 2.69 (1.57–4.62) | 1.29 (0.80–2.07) | 1.81 (1.01–3.22) | 2.61 (1.60–4.24) |
| 5+ drinks on at least 2 daysb | 1.00 (0.76–1.31) | 0.95 (0.77–1.18) | 1.42 (1.19–1.69) | 1.14 (0.78–1.68) | 1.11 (0.79–1.56) | 1.34 (1.01–1.77) | 1.13 (0.86–1.49) | 1.75 (1.29–2.37) |
| Leisure-time physical activity (reference: high) | ||||||||
| Low | 0.68 (0.46–1.03) | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 0.76 (0.46–1.26) | 1.11 (0.82–1.51) | 1.07 (0.83–1.39) | 1.04 (0.89–1.22) | 0.93 (0.68–1.25) | 0.92 (0.71–1.19) |
| Never/unable | 0.88 (0.52–1.51) | 0.89 (0.73–1.09) | 1.03 (0.50–2.11) | 0.93 (0.66–1.30) | 0.96 (0.68–1.36) | 1.01 (0.83–1.22) | 0.63 (0.39–1.00) | 0.51 (0.36–0.72) |
| Smoking status (reference: never) | ||||||||
| Current | 1.68 (1.09–2.61) | 1.25 (1.04–1.52) | 1.27 (0.85–2.61) | 1.14 (0.83–1.52) | 1.51 (1.08–2.10) | 1.47 (1.16–1.87) | 1.88 (1.08–3.27) | 1.18 (0.85–1.87) |
| Former | 0.90 (0.49–1.66) | 1.13 (0.95–1.35) | 0.54 (0.16–1.88) | 0.99 (0.62–1.56) | 0.83 (0.29–2.33) | 1.53 (1.25–1.88) | 1.32 (0.60–2.91) | 1.57 (1.18–2.08) |
| Sleep duration (reference: 7 h) | ||||||||
| <7 h | 1.11 (0.83–1.50) | 1.07 (0.93–1.24) | 1.07 (0.83–1.50) | 0.93 (0.65–1.32) | 0.83 (0.61–1.13) | 1.05 (0.89–1.23) | 1.06 (0.82–1.37) | 1.01 (0.79–1.28) |
| >7 h | 1.08 (0.86–1.37) | 1.08 (0.94–1.24) | 0.95 (0.65–1.38) | 0.96 (0.67–1.36) | 0.88 (0.69–1.12) | 0.88 (0.73–1.06) | 0.96 (0.73–1.25) | 1.14 (0.95–1.35) |
| Healthcare access and utilization indicator | ||||||||
| Health insurance (no) | 0.90 (0.61–1.33) | 1.18 (0.85–1.63) | 0.68 (0.30–1.54) | 1.51 (0.94–2.42) | 1.20 (0.84–1.72) | 1.00 (0.66–1.53) | 1.26 (0.82–1.93) | 1.07 (0.75–1.54) |
| Usual healthcare place (yes) | 1.13 (1.01–1.27) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 1.09 (0.82–1.45) | 1.23 (1.01–1.50) | 0.87 (0.75–1.02) | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 0.88 (0.75–1.05) | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) |
| ER visits (≥2 in past year) | 0.63 (0.29–1.37) | 1.23 (0.82–1.86) | 1.40 (0.57–3.41) | 1.43 (0.68–3.04) | 1.08 (0.76–1.53) | 0.97 (0.69–1.36) | 0.85 (0.57–1.26) | 1.16 (0.82–1.63) |
| Delay healthcare because of costs (yes) | 1.44 (0.78–2.67) | 1.40 (1.04–1.89) | 3.94 (2.10–7.39) | 1.91 (1.27–2.89) | 1.65 (1.11–2.44) | 1.46 (1.07–1.99) | 2.25 (1.59–3.21) | 1.25 (0.87–1.78) |
| HPV shot/vaccine (initiation) | 1.77 (0.93–3.35) | 4.58 (2.32–9.04) | 2.55 (1.05–6.20) | 1.76 (0.25–12.38) | 1.01 (0.73–1.40) | 1.69 (0.80–3.55) | 1.40 (1.10–1.80) | 2.07 (1.02–4.21) |
| HIV test (ever) | 2.24 (1.91–2.62) | 2.23 (2.10–2.36) | 1.76 (1.15–2.69) | 1.67 (1.33–2.09) | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) | 1.27 (1.11–1.45) | 1.14 (0.92–1.41) | 1.32 (1.14–1.53) |
Note. Sample size for the ‘Something else/Don’t know’ sexual minority group was too small for robust statistical estimation. All estimates are weighted for the survey’s complex sampling design and adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, income, occupational class, health status, and region of residence; Boldface indicates statistically significant results at the 0.05 level
PR prevalence ratio, CI confidence interval; younger adults were aged 18–30 years; older adults were aged 31–85+ years; a heavy drinking ≥2 drinks per day for men and >1 drink per day for women; b 5+ drinks on at least 2 days among men and women in 2013 and 4+ drinks on at least 2 days among women in 2014 only; ER emergency room, HPV human papillomavirus, HIV human immunodeficiency virus