. 2015 Jan 26;21(3):194–200. doi: 10.5761/atcs.oa.14-00200

Table 2.

Pulmonary complications according to severity of COPD

	Non-COPD	GOLD 1 COPD	GOLD 2/3 COPD	p value

	n = 181	n = 25	n = 37
Prolonged air leak	20 (11.1%)	3 (12.0%)	6 (16.2%)
Atelectasis	6 (3.3%)	1 (4.0%)	4 (10.8%)
Pneumonia	7 (3.9%)	0 (0.0%)	6 (16.2%)
Tracheostomy^*	4 (2.2%)	3 (12.0%)	7 (18.9%)
Empyema	2 (1.1%)	2 (8.0%)	1 (2.7%)
Others	7 (3.9%)	1 (4.0%)	1 (2.7%)
Any pulmonary complications	31 (17.1%)	6 (24.0%)	17 (46.0%)	0.0006^a

^*Including mini-tracheostomy;

^aChi-square test; COPD: chronic obstructive lung disease