Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics of retinopathy positive and retinopathy negative children included in the study, compared by HIV status.
| Variable | Retinopathy positive |
Retinopathy negative |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV-uninfected (N = 751) |
HIV-infected (N = 126) |
p | HIV-uninfected (N = 428) |
HIV-infected (N = 59) |
p | |||||
| N | Value | N | Value | N | Value | N | Value | |||
| Male sex, N (%) | 749 | 47.53% | 126 | 52.38% | 0.336 | 368 | 50.32% | 59 | 57.14% | 0.8056 |
| Age, months (IQR) | 751 | 34 (24–52) | 126 | 49.5 (32–72) | <0.0001 | 369 | 36 (24–57) | 59 | 49 (26–72) | 0.0157 |
| Weight-for-age, z-score (IQR) | 749 | −1.61 (−2.37, −0.86) | 126 | −2.08 (−2.82, −1.25) | 0.0001 | 351 | −1.77 (−2.59 to −1.00) | 59 | −1.85 (−2.66 to −0.97) | 0.494 |
| MUAC-for-age, z-score (IQR) | 600 | −1.06 (−1.70, −0.44) | 74 | −1.41 (−2.28, −0.72) | 0.014 | 274 | −1.22 (−1.88 to −0.42) | 30 | −1.37 (−2.40 to −0.20) | 0.437 |
| Fever duration at admission, hrs (IQR) | 728 | 48 (36–72) | 122 | 48 (24–72) | 0.7858 | 297 | 48 (24–72) | 59 | 37 (16–72) | 0.89 |
| Duration of coma at admission, hrs (IQR) | 624 | 6 (3–12) | 104 | 6 (3.5–15) | 0.8891 | 369 | 5 (3–9) | 59 | 4 (2–7) | 0.68 |
| History of convulsions, N (%) | 671 | 482 (71.83%) | 119 | 78 (65.55%) | 0.189 | 296 | 85.67% | 48 | 79.59% | 0.811 |
| History of antimalarials (%)a | 679 | 197 (29.01%) | 118 | 35 (29.66%) | 0.913 | 369 | 110 (29.81%) | 59 | 17 (28.81%) | 0.876 |
| Temp, °C (IQR) | 751 | 38.7 (37.9–39.5) | 126 | 38.7 (38.0–39.8) | 0.1533 | 369 | 38.7 (37.6–39.6) | 49 | 38.9 (37.7–39.8) | 0.5302 |
| Pulse rate, per min (IQR) | 750 | 154 (140–171) | 126 | 160 (136–171) | 0.6597 | 369 | 152 (134–168) | 49 | 148 (134–160) | 0.1126 |
| Respiratory rate, per min (IQR) | 750 | 44 (38–54) | 126 | 48 (36–58) | 0.3081 | 369 | 42 (36–54) | 49 | 44 (32–56) | 0.8453 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg (IQR) | 729 | 100 (91–110) | 122 | 100 (90–114) | 0.8616 | 369 | 104 (95–120) | 49 | 104 (90–119) | 0.4854 |
| Abnormal chest findings, N (%) | 746 | 53 (7.10%) | 122 | 17 (13.93%) | 0.018 | 253 | 6.72% | 23 | 9.30% | 0.72 |
| Lymphadenopathy, N (%) | 327 | 12 (3.67%) | 46 | 4 (8.7%) | 0.121 | 102 | 6.86% | 11 | 27.27% | 0.057 |
| Jaundice, N (%) | 325 | 26 (8.00%) | 46 | 4 (8.70%) | 0.456 | 102 | 1.96% | 4 | 9.09% | 0.267 |
N = Number, IQR = Interquartile range, MUAC = Mid upper arm circumference, WBC = White blood cell count, BP = blood pressure, min = minute, hrs = hours.
a
Antimalarials taken included Chloroquine, SP, quinine, LA.