Table 1. Live attenuated vaccines.
| Strain Name or Gene Deleted | Species Tested in | Challenge Strain/Dose/Route | Efficacy/Protection against Abortion | Vaccination Dose/Route | USDA Approval Status/ Comments | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brucella spp. | ||||||
| B. abortus | ||||||
| ∆bp26 | Cattle | B.a (2308) 3 × 108 (SC) | 81% | 1 × 1010 (SC) | Experimental | [15] |
| ∆p39 | Mice | B.a 2 × 105 (IP) | 99% | 1 × 105 (SC) | Experimental | [16] |
| ∆pgk | Mice | B.a 1 × 105 (IP) | 99% | 1 × 105 (IP) | Experimental | [17] |
| ∆pgm | Mice | B.a (2308) 5 × 105 (SC) | 99% | 1 × 107 (IP) | Experimental | [18] |
| RB51 | Cattle | B.a (2308) 1.5 × 1010 (IC) | 100% | 3 × 108 (SC) | Approved for animal use | [19] |
| S19 | Bison | B.a (2308) 1 × 107 (IC) | 67% | 5.3 × 106 (SC) | Approved for veterinary use | [20] |
| S19 | Cattle | B.a (2308) 9 × 104 (IC) | 70%–91% | 1 × 109 (SC) | Approved for veterinary use | [21] |
| ∆vjbR | Mice | B.a 1 × 105 (IP) | 99% | 1 × 105 (IP) | Experimental | [22] |
| ∆wbkC | Mice | B.a 1 × 106 (SC) | 73% | 1 × 108 (IP) | Experimental | [23] |
| ∆znuA | Mice | B.a 5 × 104 (SC) | 90% | 1 × 108 (IP) | Experimental | [24] |
| B. melitensis | ||||||
| ∆asp24 | Goat | B.m 1 × 107 (IC) | 62% | 1 × 106 (IP) | Experimental | [25] |
| ∆bp26 | Sheep | B.o 1.7 × 109 (IPre) | 100% | 1 × 109 (SC) | Experimental | [26] |
| ∆bp26 and ∆omp31 | Sheep | B.o 1.7 × 109 (IPre) | 84% | 1 × 109 (SC) | Experimental | [26] |
| ∆htrA | Goats | B.m 1 × 107 (IC) | 100% | 1 × 109 (SC) | Experimental | [27] |
| ∆manBA | Mice | B.m 1 × 104 (IC) | 87% | 1 × 106 (IP) | Experimental | [25] |
| ∆mucR | Mice | B.m 5 × 109 (IN) | 99% | 1 × 106 (IP) | Experimental | [28] |
| ∆omp25 | Goats | B.m 1 × 107 (IC) | 100% | 1 × 109 (SC) | Experimental | [29] |
| ∆per | Sheep | B.m 4.9 × 107 (IM) | 36% | 1 × 1010 (SC) | Experimental | [30] |
| ∆purEK | Mice | B.m 1 × 104 (IN) | 99% | 1 × 1011 (oral) | Experimental | [31] |
| Rev 1 | Goats | B.m 16M 1.25 × 106 (SC) | 100% | 1.5 × 106 (SC) | Approved for animal use | [32] |
| ∆virB2 | Goats | B.m 1 × 107 (SC) | 75% | 1 × 109 (SC) | Experimental | [25] |
| ∆virB2 | Goat | B.m 1 × 107 (IC) | 75% | 1 × 109 (SC) | Experimental | [25] |
| ∆vjbR | Mice | B.m 16M 1 × 105 (IP) | 60% | 1 × 105 (IP) | Experimental | [33] |
| ∆wa | Sheep | B.m 4.9 × 107 (IC) | 31% | 1 × 1010 (SC) | Experimental | [30] |
| ∆wbkF | Mice | B.m 4.9 × 107 (IC) | 54% | 1 × 1010 (SC) | Experimental | [30] |
| ∆wboA | Goat | B.m 1 × 107 (IC) | 20% | 1 × 109 (SC) | Experimental | [34] |
| B. ovis | ||||||
| ΔabcBA | Rams | B.o 3.6 × 109 (IPre/IC) | 100% | 1 × 109 (SC) | Experimental | [35] |
| M. bovis (BCG) | ||||||
| BCG | Cattle | M.b 1 × 103 (Aer) | 64% | 1 × 103 (Aer) | Approved for animal use | [36] |
| ∆LeuD | Cattle | M.b 1 × 106 (SC) | 60% | 1 × 106 (IN) | Experimental | [37] |
| ∆mce2 | Cattle | M.b 1 × 106 (SC) | 80%–90% | 1 × 106 (IT) | Experimental | [38] |
| ∆p27-p55 | Mice | M.b 1 × 105 (SC) | 96% | 1.25 × 106 (IT) | Experimental | [39] |
| RD1 | Cattle | M.b 1 × 103 (Aer) | 80% | 1 × 103 (Aer) | Experimental | [36] |
Abbreviations: Aer, Aerosol; B.a, Brucella abortus; BCG, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin; B.m, B. melitensis; B.o, B. ovis; IC, intraconjunctival; IM, intramuscular; IN, intranasal; IP, intraperitoneal, IPre, intrapreputial; IT, intratracheal; M.b, Mycobacterium bovis; SC, subcutaneous; USDA, US Department of Agriculture