Table 1. Demographic and behavioral characteristics of the study sample (n=91).
| Characteristic | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Male gender (n/%) | 54 (59.3) |
| Smoking exposure (n/%) | |
| Non-smoker | 35 (38.4) |
| Former smoker | 46 (50.6) |
| Smoker | 10 (11.0) |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 27.84±4.56 |
| Periodontal status | Mean ± SD |
| Visible plaque (%) | 67.9±20.3 |
| PD (mm) | 3.0±0.7 |
| CA loss (mm) | 4.8±1.6 |
| BOP (%) | 74.7±24.2 |
| Tooth loss (number of teeth) | 12.9±7.0 |
| Cardiovascular variables | Mean ± SD |
| CRP (mg/L) | 4.50±5.25 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 179±132 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 167±30 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 89±28 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 42±12 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 122±46 |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 6.98±2.07 |
| Cytokines | Mean ± SD |
| IFN-γ (pg/mL) | 5.23±9.55 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 4.79±12.97 |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 1.26±2.79 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.81±2.61 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 6.65±5.64 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 10.09±5.80 |