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P-values calculated by one-tailed t-test
| Group | Free DOX | DOX-BSA-NPs | DOX-BSA-V-NPs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal saline | 0.124 | 0.0141 | 0.00139 |
| Free DOX | 0.0419 | 0.00291 | |
| DOX-BSA-NPs | 0.0476 |
Abbreviations: BSA, bovine serum albumin; DOX, doxorubicin; NPs, nanoparticles; V, vanillin.
