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. 2016 Apr 22;17(6):579–591. doi: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1167291

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

The PRC2 complex and histone methylation; (A) If the lysine amino acid 27 on histone 3 is pre-acetylated, the histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme will remove the acetyl group from an N-acetyl lysine amino acid first; (B) EZH2 (one of the 5 subunits of PCR2 complex) adds methyl groups to Histone 3 at Lysine 27. Triple methylation of H3K27 (H3K273m) leads to transcription repression and silencing of genes; (C) DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) add a methyl group to cytosines within CG dinucleotides or CNG trinucleotides (N can be C, A, G or T) in CpG islands leading to transcriptional repression. Ac: acetylation; M: methylation; CG: cytosine-guanine.