Table 1.
(A) Distribution of the most abundant Bifidobacterium species in the intestinal microbiota at different stages of life analyzed using different techniques.
| (A) Human population | Bifidobacterium spp. | Techniques | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infants | |||
| Breast-fed, 22–24 days of age |
B. brevea B. longum ssp. longum, B. longum ssp. infantisb |
PCR | Matsuki et al., 1999 |
| Breast- and Formula fed, 28–90 days of age |
B. longum ssp. infantis B. breve, B. longum ssp. longum |
PCR | Haarman and Knol, 2005 |
| Breast-fed, 1 month of age |
B. longum B. bifidum, B. animalis, B. breve |
PCR | Grönlund et al., 2007 |
| Breast-fed, 3–6 weeks of age |
B. breve B. longum ssp. longum, B. longum ssp. infantis |
PCR | Mikami et al., 2009 |
| Full-term, 1 month of age | B. longum | q-PCR | Grzeskowiak et al., 2015 |
| Preterm, CS, 1 month of age | B. longum, B. lactis | ||
| Preterm, Vaginal, 1 month of age | B. longum, B. bifidum | ||
| Twins, 1 month of age | B. breve | 16S Metagenomics | Murphy et al., 2015 |
| Fraternal infant, 1 month of age |
B. breve, B. longum B. dentium, B. adolescentis |
||
| Adults | |||
| 23–54 years old, Japanese |
B. catenulatum, B. longum, B. adolescentis |
PCR | Matsuki et al., 1999 |
| 25–59 years old, Japanese |
B. longum, B. adolescentis, B. catenulatum |
q-PCR | Matsuki et al., 2004 |
| ≤57 years old, Russian | B. adolescentis | MALDI-TOF | Chaplin et al., 2015 |
| 20–40 years old, Finnish |
B. longum, B. catenulatum |
q-PCR | Gueimonde et al., 2007 |
| 18–39 years old, lean subjects (BMI = 19.83 ± 0.94 kg/m2) | B. longum | q-PCR | Mayorga Reyes et al., 2016 |
| Elderly | |||
| 69–89 years old, French |
B. adolescentis B. longum |
DNA–DNA hybridization | Gavini et al., 2001 |
| 67–75 years old, Scottish |
B. angulatum B. longum |
Culture-based analyses | Woodmansey et al., 2004 |
| >70 years old, Finish |
B. catenulatum B. longum, B. bifidum |
q-PCR | Gueimonde et al., 2007 |
| 77–95 years old, Spanish |
B. longum B. bifidum, B. pseudocatenulatum |
q-PCR | Salazar et al., 2013 |
| Centenaries | |||
| 100–104 years old, Italian |
B. longum B. adolescentis, B. bifidum |
Culture-based analyses | Drago et al., 2012 |
| 80–108 years old, Chinese |
B. dentium B. longum |
q-PCR | Wang et al., 2015 |
| (B) Disease in human population | Bifidobacterium spp. | Techniques | Reference |
| Infants | |||
| Allergic mothers | ↑ B. adolescentis | q-PCR | Grönlund et al., 2007 |
| Coeliac disease (Non-active) | ↓B. longum; ↑ B. dentium | q-PCR | Collado et al., 2008a |
| Celiac disease | ↓B. longum | q-PCR | Palma et al., 2012 |
| Allergic diseases | ↓B. longum ↑ B. pseudocatenulatum, B. catenulatum |
Culture-based analyses | Akay et al., 2014 |
| Adults | |||
| Allergy | ↑ B. adolescentis | PCR-DGGE | Stsepetova et al., 2007 |
| IBS | ↓B. catenulatum | q-PCR | Kerckhoffs et al., 2009 |
| IBS | ↓B. catenulatum/pseudocatenulatum | q-PCR | Lyra et al., 2009 |
| IBS | ↓B. pseudocatenulatum, B. gallicum | HITChip phylogenetic microarray | Rajilic-Stojanovic et al., 2009 |
| IBS | ↑ B. adolescentis | 16S Metagenomics | Jeffery et al., 2012 |
| Hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis | ↑ B. dentium ↓B. catenulatum, B. longum |
PCR-DGGE and q-PCR | Xu et al., 2012 |
| Obesity | ↓B. animalis | q-PCR | Million et al., 2013 |
| Cystic fibrosis | ↓B. catenulatum/pseudocatenulatum, B. longum, B. adolescentis | PCR-DGGE | Duytschaever et al., 2013 |
| Long-term asthma | ↑ B. adolescentis | 16S Metagenomics | Hevia et al., 2016 |
First row indicates the most abundant species founda. Second row indicates other abundant species foundb. (B) Studies focusing on Bifidobacterium species altered in certain diseases.
↑ Increased levels; ↓ Decreased levels.