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TNF-α expression in synovial fluid of the knees. (A) TNF-α levels in synovial fluid of the knees from four groups (PDAPEI/pDNA, PEI 25 kDa/pDNA, PEI 1.8 kDa/pDNA, and saline control group) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Values are the mean and SEM from six different mice. (B) Western-blot analysis of TNF-α levels in synovial fluid of the knees (n = 6 in each group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).
