Table 2.
Comparison of means of components and BHEI-R final score of population studied according to age group in 2003 and 2008. ISA 2003 and 2008. São Paulo, SP, 2003–08.
| Component (maximum score) | Total population |
Adolescents |
Adults |
Older adults |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 (n = 2376) Meana (SE) |
2008 (n = 1662) Meana (SE) |
2003 (n = 814) Meana (SE) |
2008 (n = 560) Meana (SE) |
2003 (n = 746) Meana (SE) |
2008 (n = 585) Meana (SE) |
2003 (n = 816) Meana (SE) |
2008 (n = 517) Meana (SE) |
|
| Total fruit (5) | 1.63 (0.09) | 1.94 (0.08)⁎ | 1.44 (0.11) | 1.36 (0.08) | 1.53 (0.09) | 1.88 (0.11)⁎ | 2.51 (0.10) | 2.88 (0.14)⁎ |
| Whole fruit (5) | 1.33 (0.08) | 1.92 (0.09)⁎ | 1.06 (0.10) | 1.22 (0.08) | 1.21 (0.09) | 1.86 (0.12)⁎ | 2.45 (0.11) | 3.01 (0.14)⁎ |
| Total vegetable (5) | 4.16 (0.05) | 4.17 (0.06) | 3.82 (0.06) | 3.59 (0.12) | 4.24 (0.07) | 4.25 (0.07) | 4.32 (0.06) | 4.34 (0.07) |
| DGOV&Lb (5) | 3.64 (0.07) | 3.61 (0.09) | 3.22 (0.08) | 2.86 (0.11)⁎ | 3.72 (0.10) | 3.73 (0.11) | 3.90 (0.05) | 3.79 (0.11) |
| Total grains (5) | 4.62 (0.03) | 4.52 (0.04)⁎ | 4.73 (0.03) | 4.55 (0.04)⁎ | 4.59 (0.37) | 4.50 (0.05) | 4.59 (0.04) | 4.59 (0.04) |
| Whole grains (5) | 0.38 (0.03) | 0.41 (0.04) | 0.32 (0.04) | 0.29 (0.04) | 0.38 (0.04) | 0.39 (0.05) | 0.49 (0.05) | 0.62 (0.07) |
| Milk and dairy (10) | 3.95 (0.13) | 4.35 (0.14)⁎ | 3.70 (0.17) | 4.43 (0.18)⁎ | 3.86 (0.16) | 4.21 (0.18) | 4.91 (0.16) | 4.99 (0.18) |
| Meats, eggs and Legumes (10) | 8.52 (0.09) | 8.54 (0.09) | 8.18 (0.19) | 8.08 (0.12) | 8.68 (0.12) | 8.69 (0.11) | 8.14 (0.10) | 8.24 (0.15) |
| Oilsc (10) | 9.33 (0.04) | 9.14 (0.08)⁎ | 9.29 (0.08) | 8.80 (0.13)⁎ | 9.33 (0.05) | 9.20 (0.11) | 9.41 (0.09) | 9.21 (0.11) |
| Saturated fat (10) | 5.93 (0.13) | 6.62 (0.14)⁎ | 5.95 (0.17) | 6.34 (0.15) | 5.85 (0.16) | 6.63 (0.19)⁎ | 6.33 (0.15) | 6.88 (0.17)⁎ |
| Sodium (10) | 2.12 (0.09) | 2.60 (0.10)⁎ | 2.53 (0.15) | 3.38 (0.16)⁎ | 2.03 (0.11) | 2.49 (0.14)⁎ | 1.97 (0.09) | 2.30 (0.13)⁎ |
| SoFAASd (20) | 9.40 (0.30) | 8.61 (0.26)⁎ | 7.83 (0.40) | 5.44 (0.26)⁎ | 9.46 (0.29) | 8.64 (0.36) | 11.73 (0.24) | 11.93 (0.28) |
| BHEI-R total (100) | 54.99 (0.42) | 56.42 (0.50)⁎ | 52.03 (0.59) | 50.33 (0.42)⁎ | 54.87 (0.46) | 56.47 (0.66)⁎ | 60.73 (0.51) | 62.78 (0.57)⁎ |
Note: Adolescents (12–19 years old), adults (20–59 years old) and older adults (60 years old or over).
SE – Standard Error.
⁎
Wald test, p < 0.05.
a
Weighted mean.
b
DGOV&L = Dark-green and orange vegetables and legumes.
c
Oils = Vegetable oils, seed oils and oily fish.
d
SoFAAS = total calories from solid fat, alcohol and added sugar.