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. 2016 Aug 4;18(8):e216. doi: 10.2196/jmir.5598

Table 2.

Summary statistics of daily mental-health ratings and indicator variables based on the ratio approach.


n Mean SD Min. Med. Max. Skew. Kurt. Cut-offd
Sleep ratinga,b 5792 4.99 2.03 1.00 5 10 –0.10 2.685
Mood ratinga 5792 3.19 1.29 1.00 3 7 0.372 2.832
Anxiety ratinga 5792 4.21 2.07 0.00 5 10 –0.075 2.295
Depressed 497 0.46 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.174 1.030 5
Sleepb,c 497 0.21 0.23 0.00 0.14 1.00 1.167 3.951 7
Moodc 497 0.40 0.38 0.00 0.33 1.00 0.388 1.590 4
Anxietyc 497 0.30 0.32 0.00 0.2 1.00 0.801 2.474 6

aDaily mental-health ratings.

bSleep rating and Sleep indicate sleep dissatisfaction (the reversed scale of sleep satisfaction).

cThe indicator variables based on the ratio approach.

dThe cut-off value of Depressed is selected based on prior literature. The cut-off values for Sleep, Mood, and Anxiety are calculated based on the simulation analysis described in the Methods section. The cut-off values obtained by using the frequency and average approaches are the same.